Midterm review

• word root
• combining form
• suffix
• prefix

the foundation of a medical term and contains its primary meaning

• disease
• condition
• treatment
• diagnosis

anatomical structure

• when a word root is combined with a vowel
• Usually and "o" or "I"

a word element placed at the end of the word

• a pathology (disease or abnormality)
• symptom
• surgical
• diagnostic
• part of speech

• attached at the beginning of a word
• (not in all medical terms)

• number
• time
• position
• direction
• negation

• 1. define suffix
• 2.define first part
• 3. define middle parts

Surgical Puncture

To Break; Surgical Fracture

Binding, fixation (Of a bone or joint)

Surgical Removal, Excision

Seperation, destruction; loosening

Fixation (of an organ)

Surgical Repair

Suture

Forming an artificial Opening

Instrument to cut

Incision

Crushing

Record, writing

Instrument for recording

Process of Recording

Instrument for measuring

Act of measuring

instrument for examining

Visual examination

pain

pain

hernia; swelling

dilation, expansion

swelling

vomiting

blood condition

forming, producing, origin

forming, producing, origin

abnormal condition (produced by something specific)

inflammation

stone, calculus

softening

enlargement

tumor

abnormal condition; increase (used primary with blood cells)

disease

decrease, deficiency

eating, swallowing

speech

fear

formation, growth

formation, growth

paralysis

prolapse, downward displacement (drooping)

Bursting forth

Bursting forth

flow or discharge

rupture

abnormal condition of hardening

twitching

narrowing

poison

nourishment, development

pertaining to

pertaining to

pertaining to

pertaining to

pertaining to

pertaining to

pertaining to

pertaining to

pertaining to

pertaining to

pertaining to

condition

condition

condition

medicine, treatment

specialist

specialist

condition, process

small

small

small

• Surgical
• diagnostic
• pathological
• grammatical

are words that contain more then one word root

a type of invasive procedure performed on a body part

procedure performed to identify the cause and nature of an illness

an abnormal condition or disease

attached to word roots to form parts of speech

• between
• (Position)

• after
• (Position)

• before, in front of
• (Position)

• before, in front of
• (Position)

• backward behind
• (Position)

two

double

double

half

excessive, above normal

large

small

one

one

many, much

many, much

none

first

four

three

• away from
• (direction)

• toward
• (direction)

• around
• (direction)

• around
• (direction)

• through, across
• (direction)

• through, across
• (direction)

• outside, outward
• (direction)

• outside, outward
• (direction)

• outside, outward
• (direction)

• in, within
• (direction)

• in, within
• (direction)

• near, beside, beyond
• (direction)

• upper, above
• (direction)

• above, excessive, superior
• (direction)

• excess, beyond
• (direction)

• without, not
• (used before consonant)

• without, not
• (used before a vowel)

against

against

slow

bad, painful, difficult

good, normal

different

same

same

bad

all

false

• union, together, joined
• (appears as sym- before "b, p, ph, or m")

rapid

• position
• number
• measurement
• direction

• cell
• tissue
• organ
• system
• organism

• Midsagittal (median)
• Coronal (frontal)
• Transverse (superior and inferior)

right and left halves

anterior (ventral) and posterior (dorsal) aspects

superior (upper) and inferior (lower) aspects

• Dorsal (posterior)
• ventral (anterior)

cranial and spinal cavities

thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities

Right upper quadrant

left upper quadrant

Right lower quadrant

left lower quadrant

upper left region beneath the ribs

Region above the stomach

upper right region beneath the ribs

left middle lateral region

region of the naval

right middle lateral region

left lower lateral region

lower middle region beneath the naval

right lower lateral region

• epithelial
• connective
• muscle
• nervous

body posture used to locate anatomical parts in relation to each other

median (halves)

frontal (front and back)

horizontal (upper and lower)

• cranial
• spinal

• thoracic (heart, lungs, and associated structures)
• abdominopelvic (digestive, excretory, and reproductive organs and structures)

moving away from the midsoggital plane of body (ie: fingers apart, arm up)

movement toward midsoggital plane of body (ie: fingers together, arm down)

pertaining to the midline of the body

pertaining to a side

toward head or upper portion of structure

away from head, toward tail or lower part of structure

nearer to the center

further from center

front of body

Back of body

pertaining to outer wall of body cavity

pertaining to viscera, internal organs, abdominal organs

lying on abdomen, face down

lying horizontally, face up

turning inward, inside out

turning outward

palm of hand

sole of foot

toward surface of body

away from surface of body

stiffness, bent, crooked

joint

humpback

lamina (part of vertebrae arch)

curve, swayback

bone marrow, spinal cord

straight

bone

foot; child

food; child

crooked, bent

chest

acromion

arm

calcaneum (heel bone)

head

neck

clavicle (collar bone)

ribs

cranium (skull)

fingers; toes

femur (thigh bone)

fibula (smaller bone of lower leg)

humerus (upper arm bone)

ilium (lateral part of the hip bone)

ischium (lower part of hip bone)

loins (lower back)

metacarpus (hand bones)

metatarsus (foot bones)

patella (knee cap)

pelvis

phalanges (finger and toe bones)

foot

pelvis bone (anterior)

radiation, x-ray, radius (lower arm bone on thumb side)

vertebrae (back bone)

vertebrae (back bone)

sternum (breastbone)

tibia (larger bone of lower leg)

smooth muscle (visceral)

muscle

muscle

rod shaped (striated)

rod shaped muscle

cartilage

band, fascia (fibrous membrane)

fiber, fibrous tissue

synovial, membrane, synovial fluid

tendon

tendon

tendon

weakness, debility

embroyonic cell

to break; Surgical fracture

to break; surgical fracture

binding, fixation (of a bone or joint)

softening

growth

porous

malignant tumor of connective tissue

visual examination

without, not (before consonant)

bad, painful, difficult

under, below

above, excessive, superior

union, together, joined

fat

fat

fat

skin

skin

skin

sweat

sweat

dry, scaly

horny tissue, hard; cornea

black

fungus

nail

nail

hair

hair

hardenig; scera (white of eye)

sebum, sebaceous

foreign, strange

dry

cell

skin

specialist

study of

treatment

without, not

through, across

above, upon

excessive, above normal

under, below

• flat lesion
• pigmented
• circumferenced area less then 1cm
• examples- freckle, flat mole

• elevated
• less then 1 cm
• may be same color as skin, or pigmented
• exampes- wart, pimple, psoriasis

• elevated
• fluid filled
• less then 0.5cm
• examples- shingles, chicken pox

• palpable
• circumscribed lesion
• larger and deeper then papule (0.6cm-2cm)
• extends into derma area
• examples - benign or malgnant tumor

• small, raised, cirumscribed
• fluid filled
• contains pus
• less then 1cm
• examples - acne, scabies

• solid, elevated
• larger then 2cm
• extends into dermal and subcutaneos layers
• example- lipoma

• fluid filled
• a vesicle or blister larger then 1cm
• examples- second degree burns

• elevated
• firm, rounded, varies in size, shape and color
• solid
• accompanied by itching
• examples- hives, bites

• linear scratch marks, or traumatized scratch marks
• examples- scratchs, chemical or thermal burns

• small slit or crack like sore that extends into dermal layer.
• caused by continuous inflammation or drying

• open sore or lesion that extends to dermis, heals with scarring
• example - pressure sore, basal cell carcinoma

• excoriations
• fissure
• ulcer

• macule
• papule
• nodule
• tumor
• wheal
• vesicle
• pustule
• bulla

• vesicle
• pustule
• bulla

• papule
• nodule
• tumor
• wheal

wheal

tumor

nodule

papule

vesicle

pustule

bulla

macule

• papule
• nodule
• tumor
• wheal
• vesicle
• pustule
• bulla

• excoriations
• fissure
• ulcer

excorations

ulcer

anterior portion

posterior portion

mouth

mouth

tongue

tongue

cheek

lip

lip

teeth

teeth

gums

saliva, salivary gland

esophagus

pharynx

stomach

pylorus

duodenum (first part of small intestine)

small intestine

jejunum (second part of small intestine)

ileum (last part of small intestine)

appendix

appendix

colon

colon

sigmoid colon

rectum

anus, rectum

abnormal accymulation of fluid in abdominal cavities

state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting

yellowing of skin due to liver disease

form of inflammatory bowel disease, usually of ileum

fecal concretion

gas in gastrointestinal tract

foul- smelling breath

white patches on mucous membrane of cheek

intractable constipation

passage of fat in large amounts in feces

nose

nose

septum

adenoids

tonsils

pharynx

epiglottis

larynx (voice box)

trachea (windpipe)

bronchus

bronchus

bronchioles

alveolus

pleura

air, lung

air, lung

lung

coal, coal dust

incomplete, imperfect

dust

blue

lobe

straight

oxygen

oxygen

chest

chest

chest

diaphragm, mind

breathe

carbon dioxide

smell

voice

breathing

spitting

chest

slow

bad, painful, difficult

good, normal

rapid

absence or decrease in smell

temporary loss of breathing

collapsed or airless lung

loss of sponginess of lungs due to enlargement

head cold- inflammation of nose

displacement of middle nose cartilage

decrease in alveolar elasticity

nosebleed,

inflammatory fluid high in protein with blood and cells

deficiency of oxygen in blood

deficiency of oxygen in tissues

whooping cough

inflammation of pleural membrane

dust particles found in lungs

excessive fluid in lungs- causes cough and dyspnea

phospholipid allows lung to expand with ease

noninflammatory fluid that resembles serum but with less protein

granulomas associated with tuberculosis

abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue spaces

producing of pus

bone marrow

when a bone has injured another organ

broken bone that causes an external wound

connective

autoimmune disease

inflammatory skin disease characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture

sebum

removes necrotized tissue from wound

bedsores

lice

blackhead

melanocytes

a small brown macule on skin caused by sun exposure

itching of hands

growth area of the nail

damaged tissue following a severe burn

applied agents that inhibit growth of bacteria

bile

life threating obstruction when bowel twists itself

swallowing

fingerlike projections in small intestine, that absorb nutrients into bloodstream

progressive wavelike movement occurs involuntary in hollow tubes

mucosal folds in stomach wall

produces hole in stomach wall

divert fecal flow to a bag outside of body

removes polyps from vessel