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ORGANOLOGY
The study and classification of instruments according to the way inwhich they produce sound
classification systems
–Strings
–Woodwinds
–Brass
–Percussion
The Sachs-Hornbostel classifications
–Aerophones
–Chordophones
–Idiophones
–Membranophones
Aerophones
•All types of wind instruments
Chordophones
•All stringed instruments
Zither types
-Strings
are stretched parallel along a board
2) Lute types
-Strings
are stretched along a fingerboard attached to a resonating chamber
3) Harp types
-Strings
are perpendicular to the sound board
Idiophones
Includes instruments whose bodies
themselves vibrate
Membranophones
•Instruments in which a membrane vibrates
Aspects of Indian History
•Indian subcontinent is bordered by desert
(Thar)
and Mountains (Himalayas)
Some Indian Musical Instruments
•Harmonium—a pump organ (aerophone)
•Sitar—multi-stringed fretted chordophone
•Tambura—fretless
droning chordophone
•Sarangi—fretless
bowed chordophone
•Tabla—pair of small drums (membranophone)
Pakhavaj—two-headed
drum held on the lap
Tambura
Harmonium
Sarangi
s
Sitar
Tabla
Ravi Shankar
•Music
director of All India Radio 1949–56
•Toured
Europe and America from late 1950s
Raga
•A scale or mode, and its characteristics
Hindustani Musical Terminology
•Bol—Musical or rhythmic syllable
•Alap—Improvised exposition of a raga
•Gat—Short composed melody
•Tora—Improvisational passage
•Jor—Section following alap,
introduces a pulse
•Jhala—Fast concluding section, after the jor
A few differences between Hindustani and Carnatic traditions
•Carnatic
music relies more on vocal music
•Carnatic uses
more composition, less improvisation (no Jhala, for
instance)
Ghazal
•Poetry associated with the Urdu language
Sufism
•Sufism,
an ancient mystical form of Islam, has come to be seen as the most tolerant of
musical expression
Arabic Instruments
•Darbucca–Most
common type of Middle Eastern drum (membranophone)
•Oud–Plucked fretless chordophone
(‘Lute’)
•Santour–Hammered
dulcimer (zither)
•Setar–Plucked fretted chordophone
•Nei–End-blown Flute (aerophone)
Darbucca
Oud
Santour
Setar
Nei (flute)
musical terminology
•Monophony–One melody played in unison by
more than one player
Heterophony–Two or more players play the same melody, but slightly differently
Names you should know
Umm Kulthum finest female Arabic singer of all time
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan •Credited
with introducing Qawwali
music to an international audience.
Qin
Pipa
Daluo
falling pitch gong
Xiaoluo
rising pitch gong
Nohkan
•bamboo flute
Shamisen
•3 stringed lute
O-daiko
•large drum
Hyoshigi
•woodblocks
Noh Theater
•Mask drama originating in the 14th
century
Pansori
•Form of musical storytelling involving a
singer accompanied by a drum
Kabuki
•Main form of Japanese popular musical
theater
Hindustani
Northern style Indian music
Carnatic
Southern style Indian music
Author
Darkness
ID
242535
Card Set
Music Class
Description
dgbdf
Updated
2013-10-24T05:13:36Z
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