Music Class

The study and classification of instruments according to the way inwhich they produce sound

–Strings

–Woodwinds

–Brass

–Percussion

–Aerophones

–Chordophones

–Idiophones

–Membranophones

•All types of wind instruments

• •All stringed instruments
• Zither types

•   -Strings
• are stretched parallel along a board

2) Lute types

•    -Strings
• are stretched along a fingerboard attached to a resonating chamber

3) Harp types

•    -Strings
• are perpendicular to the sound board

• Includes instruments whose bodies
• themselves vibrate

•Instruments in which a membrane vibrates

• •Indian subcontinent is bordered by desert
• (Thar)
• and Mountains (Himalayas)

•Harmonium—a pump organ (aerophone)

•Sitar—multi-stringed fretted chordophone

• •Tambura—fretless
• droning chordophone

• •Sarangi—fretless
• bowed chordophone

•Tabla—pair of small drums (membranophone)

• Pakhavaj—two-headed
• drum held on the lap

s

• •Music
• director of All India Radio 1949–56

• •Toured
• Europe and America from late 1950s

•A scale or mode, and its characteristics

•Bol—Musical or rhythmic syllable

•Alap—Improvised exposition of a raga

•Gat—Short composed melody

•Tora—Improvisational passage

• •Jor—Section following alap,
• introduces a pulse

•Jhala—Fast concluding section, after the jor

• •Carnatic
• music relies more on vocal music

• •Carnatic uses
• more composition, less improvisation (no Jhala, for
• instance)

•Poetry associated with the Urdu language

• •Sufism,
• an ancient mystical form of Islam, has come to be seen as the most tolerant of
• musical expression

• •Darbucca–Most
• common type of Middle Eastern drum (membranophone)

• •Oud–Plucked fretless chordophone
• (‘Lute’)

• •Santour–Hammered
• dulcimer (zither)

•Setar–Plucked fretted chordophone

•Nei–End-blown Flute (aerophone)

• •Monophony–One melody played in unison by
• more than one player

Heterophony–Two or more players play the same melody, but slightly differently

• Umm Kulthum finest female Arabic singer of all time
• Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan •Credited
• with introducing Qawwali
• music to an international audience.

falling pitch  gong

rising pitch  gong

•bamboo flute

•3 stringed lute

•large drum

•woodblocks

• •Mask drama originating in the 14th
• century

• •Form of musical storytelling involving a
• singer accompanied by a drum

• •Main form of Japanese popular musical
• theater

Northern style Indian music

Southern style Indian music