Imperialism/WWI

• 1. Commercial/Business Interests 
• sell products throughout the world
• 2. Military/Strategic Interests
• Alfred T. Mahan- naval historian
• 3. Social Darwinist Thinking
• Hierarchy of Race- some races are more fit
• White Man's Burden- Rudyard Kipling; whites have the burden to civilize and educate non-whites
• 4. Religious/Missionary Interests
• missionaries abroad
• 5. Closing the American Frontier
• New Manifest Destiny- expand more= America's destiny

• Spanish Misrule in Cuba
• ruled by Spain
• rebelling against Spain
• "Yellow Journalism"/ Jingoism
• Joseph Pulitzer/ William Hearst
• took the truth but stretched it to evoke emotional responses
• Jingoism- rep. pushing for war w/ Spain
• De Lome Letter- Spanish Ambassador to the USA
• -criticizes McKinley
• Remember The Maine
• - USS Maine ship docked in Havana harbor
• - explodes and sinks
• -massive death toll
• -final straw

• Treaty of Paris(1898)
• -Cuba freed from Spanish rule
• - Spain gave up Puerto Rico and Guam
• - US paid $20 mil. for Philippines

• The Big Stick Policy
• - military/naval based
• -don't mess with USA
• Roosevelt Corollary(Monroe Doctrine)(1905)
• -Europeans do not interfere with W. Hemisphere
• -police of W. Hemisphere
• Great White Fleet
• -all naval ships sent on worldwide tour

• $ diplomacy
• financial based
• investment in Central America
• use of private capital to further USA interests 
• stability and order abroad

• Moral Diplomacy
• spread democracy
• promote peace
• 14 points= peace w/o victory
• -create League of Nations(14th point)

• Nationalism
• Imperialism
• Militarism
• Alliances

• Nationalism- having pride in country
• -Pan-German movement: led by Germany, unite all German speaking ppl under 1 flag
• -Pan-Slavic movement: led by Russia, bring together Slavic ppl

• wanting land someone else has
• A-H annexed Bosnia/Herzegovina(angered Bosnia)
• Russia wanted ice free harbors
• Germany opposed
• France wanted Alsace-Lorraine
• Italy wanted territories from A-H

• glorification of armed forces
• race to develop stronger weapons than neighbors
• built up army/navy= arms race

• nations that will protect each other when necessary
• Triple Alliance: A-H, Germany, Italy
• Triple Entente: Great Britain, France, Russia

• Archduke and wife  assassinated in Sarajevo by Serbian nationalists
• A-H upset w/ Serbia
• WWI begins due to Dec. of wat between alliances

• 1. loans to Allies
• 2. British propaganda
• 3. Submarine warfare: British blockade, Lusitania sunk, Sussex pledge: Germans promise to stop sinking ships, unrestricted subwarfare- no warning of ship sinking by Germany
• 4. Zimmerman Telegram- tried to convince Mexico to join against USA, intercepted and published
• 5.Democracy

• production for war effort
• Conscription- draft for war
• War Industries Board- created to coordinate production of war materials
• Food Administration- Hoover; increases food production while reducing civilian consumption

• Tench warfare- trenches created 6/7 ft underground; try to reach other country's trench
• New weapons- tanks, machine guns, chemical weapons

makes it illegal to interfere w/ war effort/give aid to the enemy

illegal to criticize the government during war time

• 1. Committee of Public Information- propaganda
• 2. Espionage Act
• 3. Sedition Act
• 4. War Industries Board
• 5. Food Administration
• 6. Conscription

Charles Schenck= Socialist that printed/distributed anti-war pamphlets, found guilty of violating Sedition Act

• George(GB),Orlando(Italy),Clemenceau(France), Wilson(USA)
• 1. War Guilt Clause- Germany has to accept blame for WWI
• -military forces reduced: 
• -army reduced to 100,000 
• -no modern weapons,tanks, military air force
• Navy couldnt have battleships over 10,000 tons, no U-boats
• 2. Rhineland de-militarized
• 3. German Nat'l Territory- lost nat'l territory(Belgium,Denmark,Poland)
• 4. German overseas territories lost
• 5. Reparations- forced to pay for damages
• 6. Germany has 2 weeks to sign Treaty or war resumes
• Ratifying the Treaty causes Germany to join LON

collective security article of the League charter

• Dems.- complete agreement
• Reservationists- republicans who want Article X to be removed, but otherwise agree
• Irreconcilables- republicans who completely disagreed and refuse to vote for it

to have the usa join the LON

no ratification; no LON