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Loop
Left hand- Ulnar loop
Right hand-Radial loop
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Loop
Left-Radial loop
Right-Ulnar loop
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Ridge ending
ridge that ends abruptly
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bifurcation
Single ridge that divides into two ridges
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Lake or enclosure
single ridge that bifurcates and reunites shortyly afterwards to continue as a single ridge
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short ridge
island ridge
independent ridge
a ridge that commences, travels a short distance then ends
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dot
an idependent ridge with approximatley equal length and width
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spur
a bifurcation with a short ridge branching off a longer ridge
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Cross over or bridge
a short ridge that runs between two parallel ridges
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what is AFIS
- AFIS is the automated Fingerprint identification system-
- Capable of reading, classifying, matching and storing fingerprints
NEVER MAKES A MATCH-ONLY LISTS POSSIBILITIES
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How does AFIS work?
uses computer algorithms to mark all minutia points and deltas to find POSSIBLE matches
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Minutiae
Characteristics of ridges
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What are fingerprints
- The deposition of a friction ridge pattern from the dirt and oils of the hand/fingers
- 98% water
- 2%- oil, grease, salts, and amino acids
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Uniqueness of fingerprints
To date no two fingerprints from different individuals have ever been found to match
Fingerprint analysis has been studied for over 100 years and AFIS routinely compares hundreds of thousands of prints
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What is the percentage of loop patterns
65%
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What is the percentage of Whorl patterns?
30%
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What is the percentage of arch patterns?
5%
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Ridge identification is based on ____differnt ridge characteristics.
- 15
- ridge endings
- bifurcations
- short ridges
- trifurcations
- crossings
- changeovers
- ridge pinch
- loops
- ect.
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Fingerprint identification is based on:
Finding agreement of individual characteristics--with no unexplainable dissimilarities
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Latent prints
invisible prints created by the deposition of normal body secretions
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Patent prints
Causes by the deposition of contaminants (bloody, greasy fingermarks) that are visible to the naked eye
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Plastic prints
impressions where a print has been deposited in a soft surface (such as wax)
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Level 1 details
friction ridge flow and general morphology information
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level 2 details
individual friction ridge paths and friction ridge events (bifurcations, ridge endings and dots)
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level 3 details
friction ridge dimensional attributes (e.g width, edge shapes, pores)
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ACE-V
Analysis
the assessment of an impression to determine the existence of discrepancies, dissimilarities or similarities
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ACE-V
Comparison
The observation of 2 or more impressions to determine the existence of discrepancies, dissimilarities or similarities
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ACE-V
Evaluation
Examiner assesses the value of details observed during the analysis and the comparison steps and reaches a conclusion
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ACE-V
verifications
A review and independent analysis of the conclusion of another examiner
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