med term chapter 10

Neurotransmitter chemical released at ends of nerve cells

carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord

middle layer of the three membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

Glial cell that transports water and salts from capillaries

Nerves that control involuntary body functions of muscles, glands, and internal organs

Microscopic fiber that carries the nervous impulse along a nerve cell

Protective separation between the blood and brain cells that keeps substances (such as anticancer drugs) from penetrating capillary walls and entering the brain

Posterior portion of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord

Collection of spinal nerves below the end of the spinal cord

the part of a nerve cell that contains the nucleus

the brain and spinal cord

the posterior part of the brain that coordinates muscle movements and maintains balance

Outer region of the cerebrum; contains sheets of nerve cells; gray matter

Circulates throughout the brain and spinal cord

The largest part of the brain; responsible for voluntary muscle activity, vision, speech, taste, hearing, thought, and memory

Twelve pairs; carry messages to and from the brain with regard to the head and neck (except the vagus nerve)

Microscopic branching fiber of a nerve cell; the first part to receive the nervous impulse

The thick, outermost layer of the meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord

Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord; motor nerve

Glial cell that lines the membranes within the brain and spinal cord; helps form cerebrospinal fluid

collection of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system

Supportive and connective nerve cell that does not carry nervous impulses; can reproduce itself

Sheet of nerve cells that produces a rounded ridge on the surface of the cerebral cortex; convolution

The portion of the brain beneath the thalamus; controls sleep, appetite, body temperature, and pituitary gland secretions

The part of the brain just above the spinal cord; controls breathing, heartbeat, and size of blood vessels

Three protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord

Phagocytic glial cell that removes waste products from the central nervous system

Carries messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs; efferent nerve

Covering of white fatty tissue that surrounds and insulates the axon of a nerve cell; speeds impulse conduction

Macroscopic cord-like collection of fibers (axons and dendrites) that carry electrical impulses

Nerve cell that carries impulses throughout body; parenchyma of the nervous system

Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell; stimulates or inhibits another cell

Chemical messenger released at the end of a nerve cell; stimulates or inhibits another cell

Involuntary, autonomic nerves that regulate normal body functions such as heart rate, breathing, and muscles of the gastrointestinal tract

Essential, distinguishing tissue of any organ or system;  for the nervous system, neurons and nerves that carry impulses

Nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; cranial, spinal, and autonomic nerves

The thin, delicate inner membrane of the meninges.

A large, interlacing network of nerves

The part of the brain anterior to the cerebellum and between the medulla and the rest of the midbrain.

An organ that receives a nervous stimulus and passes it on to afferent nerves;  the skin, ears, eyes, and taste buds are receptors

The nerve extending from the base of the spine down the thigh, lower leg, and foot

Carries messages toward the brain and spinal cord from receptor; afferent nerve

Thirty-one pairs arising from the spinal cord

An agent of change (light, sound, touch) in the internal or external environment that evokes a response

Connective and supporting tissue of an organ; glial cells are the stromal tissue of the brain

Depression or groove in the surface of the cerebral cortex; fissure

Autonomic nerves that influence bodily functions involuntarily in times of stress

The space through which a nervous impulse travels between nerve cells or between nerve and muscle or glandular cells

Main relay center of the brain; conducts impulses between the spinal cord and the cerebrum

Tenth cranial nerve; branches reach to the larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, aorta, esophagus, and stomach

Canals in the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid

cerebellum

cerebrum

dura mater

brain

glial cells

thin, slender

• membranes
• menings

muscle

spinal cord

nerve

pons

nerve root

thalamus

sheath (refers to meninges)

vagus nerve

excessive sensitivity to pain

pain

burning

deep sleep

feeling, nervous sensation

movement

movement

seizure

word, phrase

slight paralysis

speech

paralysis

action

strength

cut off

order, coordination

blood vessel

head

cold

glue

water

movement

thin, slender

sleep

scanty

nerve root

cutoff

order

nourishment