a small number of people who work closely together toward a common objective and are accountable to one another
problem-solving (or process-improvement) team
a group of 5 to 12 employees from the same department who meet for a few hours each week to discuss ways of improving quality, efficiency, and the work environment
self-managed (or self-directed) team
a group of 10 to 15 employees who take on many of the responsibilities of their former managers
task force
a temporary cross-functional team
committee
a group composed of members from different departments
virtual team
a team that uses computer technology to tie together physically dispersed member in order to achieve a common goal
role
a set of expected behaviours of a person in a given position in a social unit
role expectations
how other believe a person should act in a given situation
role conflict
a situation in which an individual finds that complying with one role requirement may make it more difficult to comply with another
role ambiguity
a person is unclear about his/her role
role overload
too much is expected of someone
role underload
too little is expected of someone, and that person feels that he/her is not contributing to the group
norms
acceptable standards of behaviour within a group that are shared by the group's members
comformity
adjusting one's behaviour to align with the norms of the group
forming
the first stage in group development, characterized by much uncertainty
storming
the second stage in group development, characterized by intragroup conflict
norming
the third stage in group development, characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness
performing
the fourth stage in group development, when the group is fully functional
adjourning
the final stage in group development for temporary groups, where attention is directed toward wrapping up activities rather than task performance
multi-team systems
systems in which different teams need to coordinate their efforts to produce a desired outcome
task-oriented roles
roles performed by group members to ensure that the tasks of the group are accomplished
maintenance roles
roles performed by group members to maintain good relations within the group
individual roles
roles performed by group members that are not productive for keeping the team on task
group diversity
the presence of a heterogeneous mix of individuals within a group
social loafing
the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually
reflexivity
a team characteristic of reflecting on and adjusting the master plan when necessary
cohesiveness
the degree to which team members are attracted to each other and are motivated to stay on the team