Bio I Exam 3 Chapter 10

  1. Where does all of our oxygen come from?
    Photosynthesis
  2. How are macromolecules made using sunlight
    energy?
    • Light excites/energizes chlorophyll. That energy
    • is used to make ATP and NADPH which are then used to incorporate CO2 into
    • 3-carbon sugar
  3. Does photosynthesis involve energy transfer or
    energy transformation?
    • Transformation. Light energy is transformed to
    • chemical energy
  4. Although photosynthesis is often described as an endergonic process, why is it actually an exergonic reaction?
    • Heat is being dissipated because very little
    • light energy is actually absorbed in the process.
  5. What is the electron donor in photosynthesis and what is it oxidized to?
    H2O is oxidized to O2
  6. What is the electron acceptor in photosynthesis
    and what is it reduced to?
    CO2 is reduced to macromolecules such as simple sugars
  7. What is the difference between NADH and NADPH?
    Which is used in photosynthesis?
    NADPH includes an extra phosphate group. NADPH
  8. What does endosymbiosis tell us about the use of chlorophyll and photosynthesis in eukaryotes?
    • Other organisms take in chlorophyll containing
    • organisms in order to utilize photosynthesis for themselves
  9. Where do light reactions take place and what is
    created (primary and byproduct)?
    • In the thylakoids; ATP and NADPH are generates
    • as the primary products and O2 is released as a byproduct
  10. Where does synthesis and the Calvin cycle take
    place? What is produced?
    In the stroma; G3P is generated from CO2
  11. There are three different membranes of the
    chloroplast. Where are they located?
    • Two membranes around the chloroplast, each
    • thylakoid within the chloroplast had a phospholipid bilayer
  12. Where is light harvested and ATP made in the
    chloroplast?
    On the thylakoids membranes
  13. True or false: thylakoids are interconnected in
    land plants?
    True
  14. What happens to the excited electrons on the
    thylakoid membrane?
    They are passed down another electron transport chain and generate NADPH
  15. What is the role of chemiosmosis in
    photosynthesis?
    It drives ATP synthesis
  16. Where does the calvin cycle take place? What
    does it create and from what?
    In the Stroma; It uses ATP and NADPH from light reactions to put CO2 into a 3-carbon sugar
  17. What kind of light energy is used for photosynthesis?
    Photons from the sun
  18. Does a shorter or longer wavelength result in
    photons with more energy?
    Shorter
  19. What color of light is reflected by plants? What
    happens to the other colors?
    Green; they are absorbed and used for photosynthesis
  20. Which color of light is used most in
    photosynthesis?
    Purple, blue, and red
  21. What are two types of pigments and what do they do?
    • Chlorophyll reflects and scatters green light,
    • carotenoids reflect and scatter yellow and orange and also transfer light
    • energy to chlorophyll and are antioxidants
  22. What is chlorophyll chemically composed from?
    What is it similar to?
    Porphyrin ring and a hydrocarbon tail, “heme” in hemoglobin and cytochromes
  23. What does a photosystem do? What are the two parts of the photosystem and their function?
    • The photosystem harvests light and is located on the membrane of the thylakoid. Energy from excited photons is first absorbed
    • into the pigments of the light-harvesting complex. In the reaction center,
    • these electrons pass on their energy to chlorophyll electrons.
  24. How many photosystems are part of each
    thylakoid? What connects them?
    • Two connected by an electron transport chain.
    • Photosystem II and then Photosystem I.
  25. Where does Photosystem II get its electrons
    from? How does it export them?
    H2O; feeds them into electron transport chain
  26. Where does photosystem II get its electrons
    from? What happens to them then?
    • Electron transport chain from photosystem I.
    • They get re-excited from sunlight energy.
  27. How many water molecules are required to obtain 4 electrons? What is left over from the removal process and what do they
    byproducts do?
    • 2; H+ ions and O2 are left over. The H+ ions
    • create a high H+ ion concentration within the thylakoid which then drives ATP
    • synthesis. The O2 diffuses out of the membrane (passive diffusion because it is
    • non-polar and can pass through membrane without any help)
  28. What is the final electron acceptor after
    Photosystem I? What does this form and what process does this go to?
    NADP+ accepts the electron to become NADPH; it then moves on to the Calvin cycle.
  29. What happens to the H+ ions within the thylakoid space? Where do they go?
    • They are actively diffused and used to create
    • ATP. The ATP molecule then heads to the Calvin cycle
  30. Where does the Calvin cycle take place? What are the three molecules that go into the Calvin Cycle? What comes out?
    In the stroma; CO2, NADPH, and ATP go in; CH2O, NADP+, ADP, and a phosphate group come out
  31. Describe the path of a CO2 molecule as it enters the Calvin cycle.
    • The CO2 is added to ribulose biphosphate
    • (5-carbons, similar to ribose) to make a 6-carbon molecule using the enzyme
    • Rubisco. This 6-carbon molecule then splits into two 3-carbon molecules. ATP
    • and NADPH are then used to make G3P.
  32. How many G3P molecules need to be created to have a net gain of one G3P molecule?
    Six
  33. What enzyme is responsible for incorporating CO2 into organic molecules?
    Rubisco
  34. What is the most abundant protein on Earth?
    Rubisco
  35. What is all of a plant’s organic molecules made?
    How are the extra molecules stored?
    In the Calvin Cycle; as starch
  36. How are the Calvin cycle and Glycolysis similar?
    They both make use of G3P
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Card Set
Bio I Exam 3 Chapter 10
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Bio I Exam 3 Chapter 10
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