Chapter 6--Urinary System

small artery

active form of viatmin D, secreted by the kidney

cup-like collecting region of the renal pelvis

tube for injecting or removing fluid

outer region of an organ

nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing creatinine from the blood

chemical element that carries an electrical charge when dissolved in water; necessary for functioning of muscles and nerves. kidneys maintain proper balance of this element and water in the blood

hormone secreted by the kidney to stimulate the production of red blood cells by bone marrow

process whereby some substances, but not all, pass through a filter

enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. aka Bowman's capsule. collects all the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus

tiny ball of capillaries (microscopic blood cells) in the kidney

depression in an organ where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave

one of two bean shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region; it filters nitrogenous wastes from the blood stream to form urine

opening or canal

inner region of an organ

long bones in the innermost part containing red and yellow marrow

combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kideny; functional unit of the kidney, each capable of forming urine by itself; aprox. 1 million in each kidney

substance containing nitrogen excreted in the urine; ex: urea, uric acid, and creatinine

electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that proper concentration is maintained within the blood. essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses

process whereby renal tubules return materials necessary to the body back into the blood stream

blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney

central collecting region in the kidney

microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration

blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart

hormone secreted by the kidney; it raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels)

electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys; needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions

triangular area in the urinary bladder

major nitrogenous waste excreted in urine

one of the two tubes leading from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

nitrogenous waste excreted in the urine

hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine

process of expelling urine; aka micturition

calyx; cup shaped

calyx; cup shaped

urinary bladder

glomerulus

meatus

kidney

renal pelvis

kidney

trigone (region of the bladder)

ureter

urethra

urinary bladder

albumin (a protein in the blood)

nitrogen

bacteria

thirst

potassium

ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)

ketone bodies (ketoacids and acetone)

stone

sodium

night

scanty

substance that forms

pus

crushing

urine (urea)

urine

urination, urine condition

inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules

kidney stones (renal calculi)

group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein in the urine

multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

decrease in excretion of wastes results from impaired filtration fuction

high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is not secreted, or there is a resistance of the kidney to ADH

insulin is not secreted adequately or tissues are resistant to its effects

measurement of urea levels in blood

measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney

X-ray images obtained using computed tomography show multiple cross-sectional and other views of the kidney