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How many lobes in R lobe? How many in L? Why is there a difference?
- R- 3
- L- 2
- Heart is on left.
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Define aspiration
Food/fluid goes into trachea
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What is pneumonia?
Fluid in lungs
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Stethoscope placement to hear RML
lateral trunk
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T/F Lungs aren't sterile
False
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Pharynx is common to both food and
Air
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This is just before the separation of trachea and esophagus and if it fails to close results in aspiration
Epiglottis
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Sympathetic causes lungs to
Vasodilate, comes from thoracic area
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URT composed of
Nasal passages, paranasal sinus, nasopharynx, larynx, and trachea
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LRT composed of
Bronchus, bronchi, bronchioles, aleveoli
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What kind of muscle is it that contracts or relaxes to control bronchiole opening size
Smooth
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Gas diffusion occurs here
Alveoli
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T/F alveoli have thick walls lined with capillaries.
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Lungs are covered with what type of membrane
Pleural
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Difference between visceral and parietal pleural
- Visceral is attached to lungs
- Parietal is attached to thoracic cavity
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What's surfactan
Fluid in pleural cavity
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Superior/inferior lung expansion
Diaphragm
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Lateral lung expansion
External intercostals
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Types of chest wall deformities
- Extra cervical ribs
- Pectus carinatum
- Pectus excavatum
- Barrel chest
- Kyphosis
- Scoliosis
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Pectus carinatum
Pigeon chest
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Pectus excavatum
Caved in chest
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What type of blood does the pulmonary artery carry
Unoxygenated
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Ventilation
Moves gas from environment to and from alveoli
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Diffusion
Passage of O2 and Co2 across alveolar capillary surface
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Perfusion
Transport gas from alveoli to working cell (blood)
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Ceullar respiration
Gas exchange at cell mitochondria
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Expectorant
Medication/humidifier to assist removal of secretions
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Sputum
Mucoid discharge from respiratory tract
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Hemoptysis
- Blood tinged frothy sputum
- If bright red=severe problem
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Bronchial Sound
- Heard just over and lateral to manibrium
- More expiration is heard than inspiration
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Vesicular sound
- Soft and low pitch
- Heard more at inspiration
- Position ?
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Bronchovesicular sound
- Between 1st and 2nd intercostal or between scaps
- Equal sounding expiration/inspiration
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Normal RR at rest
1 sec in and 2 sec out
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Crackling (rales)
light, bubbly, clicking when air is opening in closed spaces
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Rhonchi
Deep harsh like snoring sound
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Wheezing
High pitched during exhalation in LRT
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Stridor
Wheezing like noise during inhalation in URT
-
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Dyspnea
Subjective breathing discomfort
-
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Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
- Acute
- Wake up coughing/gasping
-
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Clubbing
Firm fibrotic enlargement of fingertips
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Acid-base imbalance
- Acidosis from increase Co2 (decreased expiration)
- Alkylosis from increase O2
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