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virtualization
the process of using computer resources to imitate other resources - has capability to increase IT resource utilization, efficiency, and scalability
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physical resources are used more efficiently
more control over physical resources
easier automation & standardization
advantages of a virtual environment
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partitioning
isolation
encapsulation
three major characteristics that support scalability and operating efficiency for big data
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partitioning
available resources are divided (separated) according to need in the virtual environment - eliminating physical resources being under or over utilized
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isolation
each virtual machine is separated from its host physical system and other virtualized machines - this means that issues affecting one machine will not affect others, keeping data more secure and improving overall performance
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encapsulation
virtual machines can be designated for specific tasks - a virtual machine can be represented (and even stored) as a single file so it can be identified easily based on the services it provides - protects applications so they don't interfere with each other
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hypervisor
a virtual machine monitor - the technology that manages traffic between the virtual machines (VMs) and the physical machine - ensures that resource sharing takes place in an orderly way
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- physical machine is partitioned into multiple virtual servers
- virtual machine runs its own applications & OS based on the physical server
- software layer (hypervisor) manages interactions between the virtual & physical machines
server virtualization points
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- applications removed from the pysical infrastructure to accommodate fluctuations in user demands
- IT resources more easily distributed throughout and outside the org
- enhanses resource allocation
application virtualization points
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server virtualization
application virtualization
network virtualization
processor & memory virtualization
data & storage virtualization
elements of the IT environment that can be virtualized
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- too many virtual images are created leading to a drop in server & memory performance
- additional security vulnerabilities
- overabundance of virtual images increases storage costs & reduces savings
- increased security risks (malicious or uninformed mgmt of virtual images)
- compliance requirements may be compromised if you are not able to accurately monitor virtual infrastructure logs
virtualization challenges
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type 1 - run directly on the hardware platform
type 2 - run on host OS
two types of hypervisors
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abstraction
the separation of IT resources and services from the underlying physical environment - so the developer or analyst does not need to be concerned with where the data elements are actually located
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cloud computing
a method of providing a set of shared computig resources that include applications, computing, storage, networking, development, and deployment platforms, as well as business processes - is considered to be a service
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public cloud - ex: email
a set of hardware, networking, storage, services, applications, and interfaces owned and operated by a third party for use by other companies and individuals
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security requirements
privacy
latency
issues with the public cloud
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private cloud
a set of hardware, networking, storage, services, applications, and interfaces owned and operated by an organization for the use of its employees, partners, and customers - can be created & managed by a third party for the exclusive use of one enterprise - highly controlled envorinment & not open for public consumption
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hybrid cloud
a combination of a private cloud combined with the use of public cloud services with one or several touch points between the environments
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infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
platform as a service (PaaS)
software as a service (SaaS)
data as a service (DaaS)
four popular cloud delivery models
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ease of use
cost efficiencies
highly scalable environment
remove the maintenance from the org
benefits of the public cloud
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Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) - (can be private or public)
cloud computing service in which the delivery of computing services including hardware, networking, storage, and data center space are based on a rental model - charged only for service used - ex: cell phone service
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Platform as a Service (PaaS)
a mechanism for combining IaaS with an abstracted set of middleware services, software development, and deployment tools that allow the end user to develop their environment as needed
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Software as a Service (SaaS)
a business application created and hosted by a provider in a multitenant model - allows end-user to use software that is transparent, but is accessable at any time, often from anywhere for a cost
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Data as a Service (DaaS)
a platform-independent service that allows data to be stored and accessed at any time from anywhere - often has speed efficiencies over a local data center - ex: Dropbox
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data integrity
comliance (particular to your company)
costs
data transport
performance
data access
location
challenges of cloud computing
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multitenancy
refers to the situation where a single instance of an application runs in a cloud environment, but serves multiple client organizations, keeping all their data separate
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scalability
elasticity
resource pooling
self-service
often low up-front costs
pay as you go
fault tolerance (uninterrupted services despite the failure of one or more of the system's components)
characteristics of the cloud which work well with big data
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