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What are the Functions of the respiratory system?
External and internal respiration and exchanging of the gases
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Name the organs in order that air flows thru on its way to the alveolar from the nostril
Nostril-
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Name the parts of the conductive zone and the respiratory zone.
nostrils to the terminal bronchiole- conducting zone
respiratory bronchole to alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs & alveoli make up the respiratory zone.
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Name the parts of the pharynx
Naso , oro and laryngel
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name the cartilages of the larynx
ayretenoid cartilage, thyroid, cricoid, corniculates made of hylaline cartilage.
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describe the anatomy of the trachea.
Cartilage is C shaped and not completely closed. open posteriorly and are that way because of the esophagus .
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describe how the histology changes in the bronchi ole tree as the passages become smaller
loose cartilage and gain smooth musucle
and psudo stratifeded gets smaller
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what is the respiratory membrane composed of
- capillary
- basement membrane
- aveolar epitheium
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how does surfactant reduce water tension?
made of lipids. layer in outside and slams wall on outside
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what are the functions of the pleaure
reduce friction. and hold fluid
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What is the function of the lungs
- -distribute air
- -gas exchange
- -and provides an air tight bag so the thorax can push and pull on.
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which muscles are used for inspiration
Diaphram, scalenes,
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which muscles are used in expiratory respiration
none, its a passive breath
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what msucles are used in forced exhalation
- Internal intercostals
- Diaphragm
- rectus abdominus
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describe the function of the brainstem respiratory centers.
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what are the principles that allow air to flow in and out of the lungs?
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describe the anatomical changes that happens during inspiration
Inspiration muscles contract,diaphragm lowers, and ribs elevate. the lungs are stretched and the intrapulmonary and thoracic cavity volumes increase. intrapulmonary pressure drops to -1 mmHg. the air is then sent into the lungs until intrapulmonary pressure is 0 and equal to atmospheric pressure.
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what factors cause a resistance to airflow?
- Size of bronchi-oles
- pulmoanry compliance
- surface tention
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what does a spirometer measure?
the amount and speed of air that can be inhaled and expirated
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what are respiratory volumes and capacities
Tire and vift
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Which of the 3 divisions of the pharynx is used only for respiratory functions?
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the structure that prevents the entry of liquids or solid food into the air passageway during swallowing?
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The amout of air moved into or out of the lungs during one breath is called
Tidal Volume
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what causes cystic fibrosis?
Genetics
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During exhalation, the diaphragm moves
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the narrow opening through which inhaled air leaves the pharynx and enters the larynx is the.
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The hard palate separates
palatine and maxilla bone
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Functions of the respiratory system include.
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Air entering the body is filtered, warmed and humidified by:
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inflammation of mucus membranes in bronchial tubes and produce excess mucus
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diffusion of gases between blood and interstitial fluid across the respiratory membrane
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Mucosa-covered projections of nasal cavity
nasal conchae
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inflammation of pleural membranes
plerisy
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chronic inflammatory disorder caused by the airway sensitivity that led the airway obstructions.
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describe the anatomical changes that happens during expiration
inspiratory muscles relax diaphram rises and ribs desend.elastic lungs recoil passively and the thoracic and intrapulmonary volumes decrease and intrapul pressure is +1. air is then leaves the lungs until the intrapulmonary pressure is is zero.
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