tox test 2 toxicogenomics

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3 major objectives of toxicogenomics
- 1. elucidate the connection between environmental stress and disease susceptibility
- 2. establish proper biomarkers of disease and exposure to toxic substances
- 3. clarify the molecular mechanism of toxicity
3 advances in technologies that have accelereated discovery of toxicant pathways
- cDNA microarrays
- protein chips
- nuclear magnetic resonance profiling
pharmacogenetics

study of how genetic attributes results in disparity in an individual's response to drugs
pharmacogenomics

associated with the detection and determination of the genome and its products as they are linked to drug response
reaction to specific medicine is impacted by an individual's version of a gene, which may alter what
- pharmacokinetics
- pharmacodynamics
5 mechanisms that account for genetic variation
- nucleotide substitutions
- insertion or deletion of nucleotides
- alterations in # of tandem-repeat sequences
- variations in copy number of genomic segments
- combo of any of the above
a subtype of genetic variations that occurs at a frequency of > 1% in a population

polymorphism
6 DNA-related polymorphisms
- restriction fragment length
- variable # of tandem repeat
- short tandem repeat
- single-nucleotide
- copy number variation
- epigenetics
variations in the size of the DNA fragment digested by restriction endonucleases due to the base substitutions at the site identified by the endonuclease

RFLP
3 applications of RFLP
- used in paternity cases or criminal cases
- determine disease status of an individual
- create a genetic map
3 consequences of increased homocysteine levels
- increased risk of thrombosis
- increased risk of alzheimers disease
- increased cardiovascular disease
example of RFLP in detection of mutation in disease states

methyl tetrahydrofolate reductase = increased levels of homocysteine as a result of impaired ability to process folate
5 causes of elevated homocysteine levels
- deficiency of B vitamins and folate in diets
- kidney disease
- low levels of thyroid hormones
- meds - antiepileptic & methotrexate
- genetic variations
enzyme used to metabolize plavix

CYP2C19
3 benefits toxicogenomics provides
- 1. more detailed appreciation of the molecular mechanisms of toxicity
- 2. faster & more cost effective screening tool
- 3. enhanced extrapolation between experimental animals and humans in the context of risk assessment

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tox test 2 toxicogenomics

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tox test 2 toxicogenomics

Updated

2013-10-22T19:24:13Z

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