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What is the purposes of Cell Division?
- -Reproduction
- -Growth and repair
- -maintains surface area to volume ration
- -allows for specailization
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What does Binary Fission do in prokaryotes?
- -Replication of chromosomes
- -Elongation of the cell
- -Separation of the chromosomes
- -In growth of the plasma membrane
- -Formation of the cell wall and separation
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What is the difference between chromatin and chromosomes?
- Chromatin-thin threads and is found in a nondividing cell
- Chromosomes-the are coiled and condensed and are found in dividing cell
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Charistic number of chromosomes-
each species has this
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Diploid-
full compliment of chromosomes, found in somatic body cells, 2N
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Haploid-
Half diploid number, only sex cells, N
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Replication of DNA-
occurs prior to cell division
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Sister chromatids-
the two identical members of a replicated chromosome
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Centromere-
constriction where sister chromatids are held together
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Centrioles-
barrel shaped organelles found in animal cells
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Centrosome-
Microtuble organizing center
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Stages of cell cycle-
Repeating steps of cell growth and division
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G1-
1st growth phase-organelles increase in number and the cell grows
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G2-
2nd growth phase- manufacture of proteins and enzymes needed for cell division
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M-
division of the nucleus
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Cytokinesis-
division of the cytoplasm
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Chracteristics of Cancer cells-
- lack differentiation-immature
- have abnormal nuclei
- do not undergo apoptosis- cell death
- form tumors-growths
- undergo metastasis-spread, new blood vessels
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Mitosis-
- -Nuclear division in which chromosome number stays the same.
- -Produces 2 daughter cells, each with the diploid number of chromosomes
- -Each daughter cell receives the same number and same kind of chromosomes as were present in the mother cell
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Prophase-
- DNA already replicated.
- -Nuclear envelope breaks down
- -Nucleolus disappears
- -Chromosomes condense with no oriantation
- -spindle apparatus begins to form
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Metaphase-
- -Chromosomes align at the metaphase plate
- -Spindle apparatus is full formed and attached to the chromosomes at the centromere
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Anaphase-
- -Centromeres divide, chromatids separate, chromosomes move to the poles
- -Cytokinesis begins with a cleavage furror
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Telophase-
- -Nuclear envelope reforms
- -Nucleolus reappears
- -Chromosomes unwind
- -Spindle Apparatus breaks down
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Mitosis in plant cells-
same as animal cells but instead of a cleavage furrow, vesicles from the Golgi apparatus form a cell plate, becomes a plasma membrane into cell wall
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Division of cytoplasm and organelles is_______.
in exact
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Mitosis results in ___ daughter cells with the ______ diploid number of chromosomes; they are genetically__________.
2. diploid. identical.
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