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what is glycocalyx?
a gelatinous sticky substance that surrounds the cell
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what is glycocalyx composed of?
polysaccharides, polypeptides or both
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when does glycocalyx become a capsule?
when the glycocalyx becomes organized repeating units of organic chemicals firmly attached to the cell surface
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what is the function of capsules?
to help the cell avoid detection by immune system
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how does the capsule avoid being attacked by immune system
by camaflashing from immune system because it is composed of molecules usually found in the body
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what is a slime layer?
a loose-water soluble glycocalyx
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what is the function of slime layers?
attachment to surfaces
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what is the function of glycocalyx and capsules?
- to protect the cell from desiccation
- help cell survive
- help cause disease
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what is flagella?
structures that enable cell motility
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what is flagella composed of?
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what is the filament composed of?
many identical globular molecules of a protein called flagellin
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what are the 3 arrangements of flagella?
- 1-peritrichous-many flagella
- 2-single polar flagellum
- 3-tuft of polar flagella- 3 flagella from a single base
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what is fimbriae?
a sticky, bristle like projections
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what is the function of fimbriae?
- 1-to adhere to substances in the environment and one another
- 2-used for motility-fimbriae attaches to surface and pulls itself
- 3-used to create biofilms-slimy
- 4-act as electrical wires, conducting electrical signals among cells in biofilm
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define Pili
Pili are tubules amoung cells
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what is Pili composed of?
proteins called Pilin
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what is the function of Pili?
to mediate the transfer of DNA from one cell to the next
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What is cytosol?
the liquid portion of the cytoplasm
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what is cytosol composed of?
- mostly water but it also contains, ions, carbs, proteins(mostly enzymes) lipids and waste.
- It also contains a region called nucleoid where DNA is concentrated
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what is the function of cytosol?
it is the site of some chemical reactions such as degradation of sugar and producing Amino Acids
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what are inclusions?
deposits found in cytosol
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what is the function of inclusions?
to reserve deposits of lipids, starch or compounds that contain nitrogen, phosphate or sulfur.
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what are ribosomes?
sites for protein synthesis
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what are ribosomes composed of?
two subunits made out of polypeptides and molecules of RNA called rRNA
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what are hami?
helical filaments with tiny prickles sticking out at regular intervals much like barbed wire with grappling hooks
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what is the function of Hami?
to attach to structures in the environment
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what is endocytosis?
the act of cell surrounding substances and brought into the cell
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what is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?
phagocytosis is for solids and pinocytosis is for liquids
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what is exocytosis?
when the cell secretes substances via vesicles
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