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The practice of extending a nation's power by gaining territories for a colonial empire.
Imperialism
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What were the terms of the Bayonet Constituion
It limited the power of King Kalakaua and the Hawaiian's right to vote.
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Queen of the Hawaiian Islands who opposed annexation by the U.S., but lost power in a U.S. supported revolt, which led to the installation of a new government in Hawaii
Liliuokalani
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American sugar tycoon who helped overthrow Queen Liliuokalani and later served as president and governor of the republic of Hawaii
Sanford B. Dole
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*An area where foreign countries control the trade of natural resources of another nation or area
*Sphere of Influence
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Policy established by the U.S. in 1899 to promote equal access for all nations to trade in China
Open Door Policy
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A siege of foreign settlement in Beijing by Chinese nationalists who were angry at foreign involvement in China
Boxer Rebellion
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Russia vs. Japan war over Manchuria
Russo Japanese War
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Cuban writer and independence fighter who was killed in battle, but became a symbol of Cuba's fight for freedom
Jose Marti
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American journalist who was famous for his sensational news stories (Yellow Journalism) and formed public opinion for the Spanish American War
William Randolph Hearst
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American journalist and war respondent who reported on WWII from the point of view of an ordinary soldier
Joseph Pulizter
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Letter written by Spain's minister to the U.S. ridiculing President McKinley that was published in a major newspaper
de Lome letter
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The reporting of exaggerated stories in newspapers to increase sales
Yellow Journalism
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*Commander of the U.S. Navy's Asiatic Squadron; he led the attack in the Pacific during the Spanish-American War
*George Dewey
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President of the new Philippine Republic in 1899 and fought for Filipino independence from the U.S.
Emilio Aguinaldo
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A cavalry regiment organized by Roosevelt
Rough Riders
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Battle in the Spanish-American War in which 8,000 soldiers fought to seize control over San Juan Hill
Battle of San Juan Hill
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How did the Platt Amendment contradict the Teller Amendment?
The U.S. could no longer control cuba
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What were the terms of the Platt Amendment?
(3)
- Limited Cuba's right to make treaties
- Gave the U.S. the right to intervene in Cuban affairs
- Required Cuba to sell or lease land to the U.S.
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*A country that is controlled by an outside government
*Protectorate
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*Established that the U.S. would appoint the upper house of Puerto Rico's legislature as well as it's governor
*Foraker Act
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A change to the Monroe Doctrine, saying that the U.S. could intervene in the internal affairs of Latin American nations
Roosevelt Corollary
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The effort of the U.S. to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries
*Dollar Diplomacy
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*Mexican general and politician; he was president and dictator for a total of 30 years. He ruled the people of Mexico harshly, but encouraged foreign investment.
*Porfirio Diaz
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*President of Mexico after Porfirio Diaz fled the country.
He tried to establish a democratic government in Mexico
*Francisco Madero
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*Led by Francisco Madero in 1910 that eventually forced the Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz to resign
*Mexican Revolution
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*Mexican revolutionary who led the revolt against Porfirio Diaz in the south of Mexico during the Mexican Revolution
*Emiliano Zapata
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This person and his rebels attacked U.S. towns in Texas killing 17 Americans and evading capture for 11 months
Francisco "Pancho" Villa
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*Mexican general and politician who overthrew Madero as Mexican president and faced revolts with many revolutionary leaders.
His government was not recognized by the U.S.
*Victoriano Huerta
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This incident led the U.S. to ask for military action against Mexico (The arrest of American sailors)
Tampico Incident
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Major conflict in the Mexican Revolution
Battle of Veracruz
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*American army commander
Commanded the expeditionary force sent into Mexico to find Pancho Villa.
He was the major general and Commander in Chief of the American Expeditionary Forces in WWII
*John J. Pershing
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Why did U.S. colonization begin?
- The U.S. needed new markets to sell goods
- U.S. was falling behind in power and world influence due to lack of colonies
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He was the first monarch of Hawaii, united the 8 islands under his rule
Kamehameha
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This person "discovered" or introduced Hawaii to the rest of the world
Captain James Cook
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Why did the first Americans come to Hawaii?
The Sugar Industry/Missionaries
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Lucrative crop grown in Hawaii
Sugar Cane
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What was the Hawaiian's reaction to the growing American influence on their islands
Resentment
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Nationalistic king who tried to gain control of Hawaii
Kalakaua
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Secret group set up to overthrow the Hawaiian monarchy
Hawaiian League
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Describe the events of the Bayonet Constitution.
King Kalakaua was forced to sign a new constitution at gunpoint
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Results of the Bayonet Constitution and the Hawaiian League?
Pearl Harbor is established
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She was the last monarch to try and restore power to the Hawaiians
Liliuokalani
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Under what pretense is Hawaii finally added as a U.S. territory?
Annexation during the Spanish American War
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When did Hawaii become the 50th state?
1959
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Why did critics call the U.S.'s purchase of Alaska "Seward's Folly"?
It was thought to be useless
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Why did Alaska become a great buy for the U.S.?
Gold, copper, timber, and fish were found there
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Name of the only port open to foreigners in China in the 1700s?
Guangzhou
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Why did secretary of State John Hay propose the Open Door Policy?
U.S. missed out on the Sphere's of Influence and wanted to destroy the Sphere of Influence and reestablish free trade in China
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Secret Organization that battled foreigners in China?
Boxers
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What was the result of the Boxer Rebellion?
Open Door Policy is approved by European Powers
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What American first entered Edo (Tokyo Bay) in 1853?
Matthew Perry
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What was the results of Edo (Tokyo Bay)
(3)
- Rapid Modernization
- Opened to U.S. trade
- Treaty of Kanagawa
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What tactic did President Roosevelt use to end the Russo-Japanese War?
Arbitration
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What was the one main consequences of the Russo-Japanese War?
Japan emerges as the leading power of Asia
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What was Jose Marti fighting for?
Independence from Spain for the Cubans
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Why was General Valeriano Weyler nicknamed "The Butcher"?
For the atrocities he committed in Cuba
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How did Yellow Journalism drive the war in Cuba?
- With pictures
- Made Spain sound bad
- Said Cuba should break away from Spain
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The two newspapers that competed with each other, both employing Yellow Journalism.
- New York (Joseph Pulitizer)
- New York World (William Hearst)
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How did the de Lome letter bring us close to war with Spain?
It ridiculed President Mckinely
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What happened to the USS Maine?
Exploded because of an accident in the boiler room
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Who was blamed for the explosion of the USS Maine?
Spain
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U.S. claimed no "sovereignty, jurisdiction, or control" over Cuba
Teller Amendment
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What two fronts was the war fought in?
Philippines and Cuba
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How did the Chinese feel about new foreigners?
Anti-Foreigner Sentiment
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Describe the Rough Riders and their contribution to the Spanish American War
- Charged San Juan Hill, U.S. Navy sank fleet.
- Organized by Teddy Roosevelt
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Why did Secretary of State John Hay call the Spanish American War a "splendid little war"?
The war only lasted 5 months
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Identify all the consequences of the Spanish American War
(6)
- The Phillipines are bought by the U.S. for $20 million.
- Cuba won its independence
- Guam and Puerto Rico are now U.S. territories
- $250,000 in damages
- U.S. emerges as a world power
- 3,000 soldiers lost
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List the arguments FOR annexing the Philippines
(2)
- Our responsibility to civilize and educate the Filipinos
- Economic and strategic value
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List the arguments FOR NOT annexing the Philippines
(2)
- Violated the idea of Self-Government
- Stolen Jobs from American
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Gave Puerto Ricans U.S. citizenship
Jones Act of 1917
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Identify the U.S. Policy towards Puerto Rico
U.S. Common Wealth
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Which country attempted to build the Panama Canal prior to us?
France
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What events led to the U.S. signing a treaty for the 10 mile long Canal Zone?
Panamanian Rebellion
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What are the three problems builders/workers faced when building the Panama Canal?
(3)
- Harsh working conditions
- Shortages of Labor
- Disease (like Malaria)
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Explain the proverb "Speak Softly and Carry a big stick"
Be forceful
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The U.S. would only lend a hand to those Latin American nations which had a democratic government and supported the interests of the U.S.
Moral Diplomacy
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What were the reactions of the Latin American countries towards all three policies?
Resentment
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This person was overthrown by Victoriano Huerta
Madero
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President Wilson supported this person as President of Mexico
Carranza
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Port city seized during the conflict between Mexico and the U.S.
Veracruz
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Identify the reason why the U.s. withdrew from Mexico
WWI was going on at the time
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What are the 6 motivations for Imperialism?
(the 6 D's)
- Dollars-Economic
- Defense- Military
- Democracy-Political Ideology
- Darwinism-Cultural Ideology
- Deity-Religion
- Destiny-Manifest Destiny
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Motivations for Imperialism:
Dollars-Economic
New colonies provide new markets for manufactured goods and new sources for raw materials
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Motivations for Imperialism:
Defense-Military
American survival depended on a strong navy
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Motivations for Imperialism:
Democracy-Political Ideology
Spread our ideals. Colonize in the name of liberty and freedom.
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Motivations for Imperialism:
Darwinism-Cultural Ideology
Stronger nations should colonize and dominate the weaker ones. (whites over other races)
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Motivations for Imperialism:
Deity-Religion
U.S. spreading Christianity to savages.
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Motivations for Imperialism:
Destiny-Manifest Destiny
Expanding westward to Pacific Ocean
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