endocrine system

endocrine and exorine

• - sweat, salivary, mucous glands etc.
• - secretions transported through ducts
• - function within a particular system of body

• -secretions placed directly into the blood
• - make up a whole system of body
• - blood transports secretions to target tissus for functions

• - secretes hormones that are transported to target tissues via blood
• - causes changes in metabolic activites in specific cells
• - exerts effects relatively slowly
• - has generally prolonged effects

• - transmits neurochemical impulsse via nerve fibers
• - causes muscles to contract or glands to secrete
• - exerts effects relatively rapiidly
• - has gerenally brief effects

• - located on inferior aspect of brain
• - attachetd to hypothalamus by infundibulum
• - regulates many body activites!

• - adenohypophysis - anterior
• - neurohypophysis - posterior

8, 2

• regulates miotic activity and growth of body cells
• promotes movements of amino acis through plasma membrane
• secreteed by hypothalamus

• - regulates hormonal activiy of thyroid gland
• - secreted by hypothalamus

• - stimulates production of sperm cells in males
• - regulates foccile development of ovary and stimulates secretion of estrogen

• - promotes secretion of sex hormones
• - plays a role in release of ovum in females
• - stimulates testroste secretion in males

promotes secretion of milk from mammary glands( lactation)

• -stimulates contractions of muscle in uterine wall
• - causes contraction of muscles in mammery glands

• - reduces water loss from kidneys
• - elevats blood pressure

• - largest endocrine gland
• - 2 major and 1 minor hormones produced
• - located below larynx

• - the two major hormones produced by the endocrine system
• - increases the rate of protein synthesis and rate of energy release from carbohydrates
• - regulates rate of growth

• - minor hormone in thyroid gland
• - lowers blood calcium by inhibiting release of calcium from bone tissue

isthmus

• - small flattened and embedded in lobes of thyroid glands
• - has 4 glands
• - 1 hormone secreted

• - influences bones, intestines and kindeys
• - causes increase in blood calcium concetration and decres in blood phophate level

• - stimulates liver and convert glycogen into glucose causing blood glucose level to rise
• - a hormone secreted by the pancrease

• - promotes movments of glucose through plamsa membranes
• - stimulates liver to convert glucose into glycogen
• - promtes transport of amino acids into cells
• - asissts in synthis of proteins and fats

• - paried galnds that cap superiof border of kindeys
• - 2 divisions cortex and medulla

• 3 ...
• - mhonaloacortcoids
• - gluccocorticoids
• - gonadocortocoids

• - regulate concentration of extra cellular electroylytes, especially sodium and potassium
• -major hormone of adrenal cortex

• - influence metabolisim of carbohydrates prtoeins and fats
• - prmotoe vasoconstriction
• - anti-flammatory compurels
• - adreneal cortex major hormone

• - supplement sex hormones from gonads
• - major hormone of adreneal cortex

- has two major hormones produced ( epinephrine and nonrephrine)

- Male and femal primary sex organs

testes contatin interstitial cells that produced testosterone controls development and function of secondary sexual organs

- ovaries produce estrogen and pogesterone

• - proudced by corpus lutem of ovary
• - primarily assocatied with pregnancy in prepary uterus
• - for implantation and preventary abortion of fetus

• located on the inferior aspect of the brain
• largest in children
• after age 7 turns into a strand of tissues
• function is unkonw
• may secrete (melatonin) that affect secretions of pituitary gland

• -located in fornt of aorta abd behind mediastinum
• -size is largest in newborns and in children
• -becomes greatly regressed after puberty
• -function is assocated with lymphatic system which helps maintain body immune system

• - located in mucosa of duodenum
• - secretes hormone called secretin (which stimulates pancrease to secrete digestive juices)

• - secreted by the dudenoal mucosal cell
• - stimulates panceas to secrete digestive juices

• - responsible fore nutirents and waste exchange between fetus and mother
• - secretes at least 3 horomnes to aid and maintain pregnancy

- science concerned with the endocrine system

- unusual decrease in endocrine secretions

- unusual increase in endocrine secretions

lab test to determine concetration of hormones in blood and urine

determine iodine level within blood, hence thyroid problems

- over secretion of growth hormone in developing children

- over secretion of growth hormone in an adult

• - enlargement of thyroid gland
• - may be caused by insufficent amounts of iodine in diet

• - one of most common endocrine disorders
• - typically inherited and chronic
• - caused by malfunciton or destruction in islets of Langerhans
• - caused by lack of insulin production
• - can cause excessive urine output

• - excessive hair growth
• - usually refers to this phenomemon in women and reflects excessive androgen production

surgical removal of the pituitarty gland

• - the most common type of pitutitry gland tumor
• - evidenced by hypersecretion of prolactin and menstrual disturbances in women

- dwarfism resulting from stress and emotional disorders that sppress hypothalamic relaswe of growth hormone-releaseing hormone and thus anterior pituitary secretion of growth hormone

• - a sudden and dangerous increase in all of the symptoms hyperthyroidisum de to excessive amounts of circulating TH
• - symptoms of this hypermetabolic state include feer, rapid heart high blood pressure dehydration, nervousness and tremors
• -precipitatiing factors include sever infection excessive intake of TH supplemts and trauma