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Organic Chemistry Chapter 7 & 8: Alkyl halides and elimination and substitution
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Dehydrohalogenation
remove H and X from molecule and result in an alkene
E2 mechanism is unimolecular or bimolecular??
bimolecular
Rate equation of E2 mechanism
Rate = k [R - X][Base]
E2 mechanism favors ______ bases.
strong
concerted
bond breaking/making happens at the same time
E2 mechanism is concerted or stepwise?
concerted
E2 mechanism favors _____ and _____ R-X
secondary and tertiary
Alkene stability depends upon:
1) inductive effect
2) hyper conjugation
Zaitsev's Rule:
When doing β-elimination reactions, the hydrogen that is removed comes from the carbon with the most hydrogens.
|or|
The major product (alkene) is the least substituted.
E2 elimination requires what type of orientation?
Anti-periplanar orientation of the leaving group and the β-hydrogen
E1 mechanism is unimolecular or bimolecular?
unimolecular
E1 mechanism rate equation
Rate = k [R-X]
(only depends on the alkyl halide conentration)
E1 mechanism favors ______ bases.
weak
E1 mechanism is concerted or stepwise?
stepwise
E1 mechanism favors ______ and _______ R-X
secondary and tertiary
True/false:
A negatively charged nucleophile is stronger than a neutral nucleophile.
True
False
true
True/false:
A weaker base makes a stronger nucleophile.
True
False
false
True/false:
Steric hinderance increases nucleophilicity
True
False
false
Carbocation stability:
inductive effect
stabilization through the bonds from R groups
Carbocation stability:
hyperconjugation
stabilizes empty p orbitals
(stabilization through space)
hyperconjugation
inductive effect
How to determine SN1 or SN2?
1. Identify/classify the alkyl halide
a) methyl or 1° --> SN2
b) 3° --------------> SN1
c) 2° --------------> can be either
2. Strength of nucleophile
- strong nucleophile ---> SN2
- weak nucleophile ----> SN1
Which halide should never be used as a leaving group?
F
Most stable leaving group
I (larger)
Author
tulipyoursweety
ID
241784
Card Set
Organic Chemistry Chapter 7 & 8: Alkyl halides and elimination and substitution
Description
CHEM 273: Organic Chemistry, Chapter 7 and 8
Updated
2013-10-29T08:59:57Z
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