Arch 270 Lab Final 1

-shoulder bone

• -runs down the middle of the scapula
• -separates the infraspinous fossa from supraspinous fossa

-fossa that is dorsal to scapular spine

-part of the scapula that articulates with the head of the humerus

• -a hook looking process on the front of the scapula
• -stabilizes the shoulder joint

• -collarbone
• -connects scapula and sternum

• -muscle attachment lateral to head of humerus 
• -higher and more lateral than lesser tuberosity

• -situated to the front of head of humerus 
• -more medial than greater tuberosity

• -larger than lateral epicondyle
• -located on the distal end of humerus

-muscle attachment on lateral side of the head of the humerus

• -usually a hole in cats and more of a notch in humans
• -located near the distal end of the humerus 
• -nerve passes through it usually if it is a foramen

-deep triangular fossa in the posterior(back) distal end of humerus

-lateral bone of forearm

-medial bone of forearm

-at proximal end of ulna, process that extrudes posteriorly when hand supinated

-large cavity in the proximal end of ulna where it interacts with the humerus as the elbow moves

• -beneath the neck of the radius on medial side
• -attachment point for biceps

• -projection on lateral and distal end of radius 
• -looks like a little hook on the end of the bone

-8 small bones in the wrist (humans)

• -small bones in the hand 
• -connect carpals to phalanges

-finges bones

• -hip bone 
• -comprises the ilium, ischium and pubis

• very front part of os coxae
• -fuses together

-lower part of hip bone

-uppermost crest part of hip bone

-cartilaginous joint connecting the pubises

• -hole created by the ischium and pubis bones
• -hole at the front of the os coxae

-hole the head of the femur sits in on the os coxae

-located at the top of the neck of the femur on the lateral side

-muscle attachment bump near the lower posterior part of the neck of the femur

• -the distal part of the femur 
• -medial part that interacts with the tibia

• -located at distal part of femur
• -lateral side and interacts with the tibia

-knee cap bone

• -the distal part of the tibia
• -forms medial bump of ankle 
• -interacts with the talus

• -lateral part of ankle
• -distal part of fibula 
• -interacts with talus

• -articulating bones in the ankle 
• -similar to carpals in wrist

-bone that interacts with tibia and fibula from leg and calcaneus(heel) of foot

-heel bone

• -long bones in the foot
• -similar to metacarpals in the hand

• -immediately inferior to the skull
• -stop at first rib connection to vertebrae(thoracic)

• -inferior to the cervical 
• -carry a pair of ribs in mammals

• -vertebrae between the rib cage and pelvis 
• -largest of vertebrae 
• -absence of foramen transversarium 
• -no facets on the sides of the body

-vertebrae fused together contained in the pelvis

-triangular bone fit into the back of the os coxae

-vertebrae of the tail

• -part of the vertebrae that sticks directly out the back like a spike
• -muscle and ligament attachment point

-posterior part part of vertebrae to enclose the spinal cord

-the main bony part of the vertebrae

-facet of the vertebrae on the cranial or caudal side where the vertebrae interact with each other

• -anterior most process of vertebrae 
• -2 per vertebrae 
• -muscle attachment points

• -first cervical vertebrae 
• -supports head
• -has no body
• -ring like 
• -responsible for nodding and rotation of head when paired with axis

• -second cervical vertebrae 
• -strong odontoid process 
• -allows rotation and nodding of head when with atlas

-located anterior to main foramen of the vertebrae and beside the body

• -found on the axis vertebrae 
• -posterior to the body of the vertebrae 
• -looks like a smaller blunter spinous process, but facing inwards

-part of rib closest to the vertebral column

-on the caudal side of the rib near the head/neck of the rib (by the spine)

-the bone that connects all of the true ribs

• -bony segments of the sternum
• -similar to vertebrae

• -the uppermost portion of the sternum
• -articulates with clavicle and cartilage of first pair of ribs

• -in some primates the bar that connects the zygomatic bone and frontal bones 
• -tarsiers dont have it 
• -humans have postorbital septum

• -medial distal end of humerus 
• -articulates with the trochlear notch(in ulna) as the elbow

-lateral bump on the distal end of the humerus

-small wishbone looking thing for speech

• -large middle section of the sternum 
• -below the manubrium

• -small cartilaginous process on the lower part of the sternum
• -connected to the gladioulus

-forehead bone

-cavity of the eye socket

• -distinct in less evolved mammals 
• -juts out from the top of the skull into/overtop of the orbit

• -shallow depression on the side of the skull
• -bound by the temporal lines and ends below the zygomatic arch

-form the sides and roof of the cranium

-in longer skulls forms the back portion of the braincase after the parietal bones end

-crest that runs across the very top of the skull

-bone the is at the back and bottom of the skull, by the foramen magnum

-ridge formed between the parietal bones and the occipital bone

• -directly beside the foramen magnum 
• -look like little inflated sacks

-large hole where spinal cord goes into head

• -at the side of the skull
• -start near the top where the temples are and come down to where the ear is and part of the zygomatic arch

-top anterior part of temporal bone

• -lateral bone forming the orbit 
• -forms the side of the face

-arch connecting the temporal bone and the zygomatic bone in the front/side of the face

-depression in the temporal bone(where it forms part of the zygomatic arch) that articulates with the mandibular condyle of the mandible

-hollow bony structures that look like sacks, located more towards the jaw than the occipital condyles which look similar

-hole for the ear canal

• -comes from the bottom posterior part of the temporal bone 
• -just behind ear hole

-part of nose located just above where the cartilage would start

• -very front part of the maxillary jaw
• -carries teeth

-maxillary part of jaw where teeth are mounted into the skull

• -back part of the maxillary jaw
• -back 1/3 of the pallet in the top of mouth

• -for crying 
• -medial part of orbit closest to nasal bone

-canal that goes up through/beside nasal bones connecting into the lacrimal bone

• -bone in the skull that separates the two sides of the nasal cavity
• -looks thin when seen head on

• -one of the 7 bones that form the orbit
• -front middle of skull, form the back medial edge of orbit

-looks like a tiny bone on the bottom part of the ethmoid bone

-part of the jaw on the lateral side between condyloid process and coronoid process

• -very bottom process of mandible
• -below coronoid (top) and condyloid

• -contains the condyloid and neck of it
• -bottom process of mandible

• -top process of the jaw
• -articulates with the mandibular fossa of the temporal bone

• -hole in bottom of skull that passes into temporal bone 
• -starts on bottom of temporal bone

• -located behind carotid canal
• -front part is part of temporal bone(petrous portion) 
• -back part is from occipital bone

-hole in the orbit that goes into the skull

• -suture across top of head from temple to temple
• -connects frontal bone to parietal bones

• -suture along the length of the skull
• -fuses two parietal bones together

• -suture made of connective tissues
• -connects two parietal bones to occipital bone at back of skull

-connects lower back portion of temporal bone(squamous portion) to lower border of parietal bone

-marks junction between parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bone

-connection on the occipital bone for muscle attachment

-first lower premolar with shearing cusp

-part of temporal fossa where muscle attachment goes

• -holes in the top of mouth
• -near the back 1/3 of palate

• -hole in maxillary bone
• -just below orbit in maxilla slightly medial to zygomatic bone