what is isonatremic dehydration? what is the na level?
water and salt is lost at the same rate. salt levels are normal (135-145)
what is hyponatremic dehydration?
salt is lost faster than water. so na+ levels dip below normal (<130-135)
what is hypernatermic dehydration? what is the na level?
water is lost faster than water, leaving salt. Na+ levels are higher than normal (>150)
__% of body weight is lost in mild dehydration
5%
__ - __% is lost in moderate dehydration
5-10%
greater than __% of body weight is lost in severe dehydration
10%
baby is presenting with sunken fontanels and it's pulse slightly increased, mucous membranes are dry, BP kinda low and RR is increased. what could be the problem?
C) moderate dehydration
baby is presenting with markedly depressed fontanels, skin turgor is tenting (greater than 4 sec), mom says it doesn't eat, tachy, BP real low, pulse is thready/rapid/weak, arms/legs are cold. what is going on?
C) severe dehydration
what is a better indicator of impending shock d/t dehydration in a child?
A) HR
B) BP
A) HR
child can't compensate for HR just yet. so when that changes, something is wrong.
how do you treat mild dehydration?
regular diet.
ORS at every episode of fluid loss (vomit, stool)
is gatorade a suggested ORS for mild dehydration?
no, d/t sugar and carbs.
tx for mild to moderate dehydration?
50-100mL/kg ORS
tx for severe dehydration? what is the priority?
parental fluid replacement. LR or NS, then ORS. then K+.
what is the specific gravity of urine in a dehydrated child?
more than 1.020
what does the pulse feel like in dehydration?
rapid, weak, thready
what is gastroenteritis?
diarrhea caused by infection
what's wrong with the BRAT diet for diarrhea?
it's low in energy, density, fat, and protein. you could be eating complex carbs, yogurt (live cult.), cooked vegies, lean meats.
should you tell parents to tell diarrhea child to keep eating?
yes. although stools will increase, it does not prolong it. so eat to absorb the nutrients.
how can you care for a child younger than 1 year with loose or watery stools?
cont. breastfeeding or diet. ORS (pedialyte) to make up for the loss fluid. can feed bland foods (applesauce, carrots, rice cereal).
how can you care for a child that older than 1 year with moderate diarrhea?
avoid fruit juices. don't need the sugar. avoid beans, spices, fatty foods. regular diet. high in starch. vegies. complex carbs.
what is ACCT when assessing stool?
amt
color
consistency
timing
what is the CRAM diet?
complex carbs
rice
and
milk
at what months do you give the rotavirus vaccine to a baby?
