-
Hair thinning in both sexes
Alopecia
-
Genetically determined and sex- influenced condition
True or Frank baldness
-
Caused by follicular response to DHT
Male pattern baldness
-
Chemical, physical, and biological barrier
Protection
-
Functions of Integumentary System
- *Protection
- *Body Temp regulation
- *Cutaneous sensation
- *Metabolic Functions
- *Blood Reservoir
- *Excretion
-
Body Temp regulation is accomplished by
- *Dilation (cooling) and constriction (warming) of dermal vessels
- *Increasing sweat gland secretions to cool the body
-
Dilation and constriction of dermal vessels
regulation of Body Temp
-
Increasing sweat gland secretions to cool the body
Body Temp regulation
-
Exoreceptors sense touch and pain
Cutaneous Sensation
-
Synthesis of Vitamin D precursor molecule in dermal blood vessels
Metabolic Functions
-
Skin blood vessels store up to 5% of the body's blood volume
Blood reservoir
-
Limited amounts of nitrogenous wastes are eliminated from the body in sweat
Excretion
-
Most skin tumors are benign (do not metastasize)
Skin cancer
-
Risk factors for skin cancer
- *Overexposure to UV radiation
- *Frequent irritation of the skin
-
Some skin lotions contain enzymes in liposomes that can fix damaged DNA
Skin Cancer
-
3 major types of skin cancer
- *Basal Cell Carcinoma
- *Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- *Melanoma
-
Least Malignant, Most Common Skin Cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma
-
Second most common skin cancer
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
-
Most dangerous Skin Cancer
Melanoma
-
Stratum Basale cells proliferate and slowly invade dermis and hypodermis
Basal Cell Carcinoma
-
Cured by surgical excision 99% of cases
Basal Cell Carcinoma
-
Involves keratinocytes of stratum spinosum
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
-
Most Common on scalp, ears, lower lip, and hands
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
-
Good prognoses if treated by radiation therapy or removed surgically
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
-
Involves melanocytes
Melanoma
-
Highly metastatic and resistant to chemotherapy
Melanoma
-
Treated by wide surgical excision accompanied by immunotherapy
Melanoma
-
Characteristics of Melanoma
*ABCD rule*
- A: Asymmetry; the two sides of the pigmented are do not match
- B: Border exhibits indentation
- C: Color is black, brown, tan, and sometimes red or blue
- D: Diameter is larger than 6 mm (size of a pencil eraser)
-
Heat, electricity, radiation, certain chemicals
Burns
-
tissue damage, denatured protein, cell death
Burn
-
Immediate threat from Burn
Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance, leading to renal shutdown and circulatory shock
-
Used to estimate the volume of fluid loss from burns
Rule of Nine
-
Type of burn
Epidermal damage only
*localized redness, edema(swelling), and pain
First Degree Burn
(Partial Thickness Burn)
-
Type of Burn
Epidermal and upper dermal damage
*Blisters appear
Second Degree Burn
(Partial Thickness Burn)
-
Type of Burn
Entire thickness of skin damaged
*Gray-white, cherry red, or black
*No initial edema or pain (nerve endings destroyed)
*Skin grafting usually necessary
Third Degree Burn
(Full Thickness Burn)
-
Severity of Burns
Critical if:
- *greater then 25% of body has second degree burns
- *greater than 10% of body has third degree burns
- *Face, Hands, or feet bear third degree burns
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