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Baroque era characteristics
- age of new adventure
- Monody (single voice with accomp)
- Major-Minor tonality
- Equal Temperament (tuning system)
- Driving rhythm
- Contrasting dynamics (p, ff)
- bassline and harmony
- embelishments
- cantata
- ritomello-dotted rhytm
- freedom of expression
- recitative (speech-like)
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Baroque Opera
large-scale drama with vocal and instrumental music poetry acting costumes
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Recitative (speech-like)
two types
- 1. recitative secco -accomp. by basso continuo
- 2. recitative accompagnato- accomp. by orchestra
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Arias
- highly emotional and lyrical songs
- da capo arias- A-B-A
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Libretto
- text or scripts of the opera
- librettist write it
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Henry Purcell (1659-1695)
- English composer, organist and singer
- wrote masques and operas
- wrote Dido and Aeneas
- recitative Dido kills herself
- sings over ground bass ostinato
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Baroque Cantata and Ontorio
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Cantata
multimovement work for soloists, chorus, and orchestra based on Lutheran choral
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J.S Bach (1685-1750)
- German composer, organist
- devout Lutheran based on gospel
- 7 movements
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Oratorio
- large scale work for soloists, chorus, and orchestra
- without scenery or costumes
- based on biblical story
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Oratorio and Handel
- Handel (1685-1759)
- German composer
- composed opera seria
- conductor, director, producer
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Lutheran Cantata
unified by a chorale, hymn tune sung in 4part harmony
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