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Biology 1115 Chapter 8
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The cell _____ and _________ to perform
work.
Extracts energy
and
applies energy
What is Metabolism?
is the totality of an
organisms chemical reactions.
is an
emergent property
of life that arises from interactions between molecules within the cell
What does an organism's metabolism do?
It transforms matter and energy.
What is a metabolic pathway? How is it catalyzed?
It begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product
each step is catalyzed by a
specific enzyme
What are the two types of metabolism? Define them.
Catabolic pathways
:
release energy
by
breaking down complex molecules
into simpler compounds
Anabolic Pathways
:
consume energy
to
build complex molecules
from simpler ones
What is an example of catabolic and anabolic pathways?
Catabolic pathways
: glycolysis
Anabolic Pathways
: photosynthesis
What is energy?
The
capacity
to
cause change
Define kinetic energy.
It's energy associated with
motion
.
Define heat (thermal energy).
Is
kinetic energy
associated with random movement of atoms or molecules.
Define potential energy.
is energy that matter possess because of its
location
or
structure.
What is chemical energy?
is
potential energy
available for release in a chemical reaction.
Energy can be ________ from one form to another.
converted
What is thermodynamics?
is the study of
energy transformations.
What is a closed system?
is
isolated
from its surroundings.
What is an open system?
energy and matter can be
transferred between the system and its surroundings.
Are organisms considered closed or open systems?
open systems
What is the first law of thermodynamics? What is another name for it?
Energy can be
transferred and transformed
, but it cannot be
created or destroyed
.
the first law is also called the
principle of conservation of energy
During every energy transfer or transformation, some energy is __________ and is often lost as _____.
unusable
heat
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
Every energy transfer or transformation
increases the entropy
(disorder) of the universe.
Living cells convert _______ of energy into heat/
organized forms
cells create ____________ from less ordered materials.
ordered structures.
Energy flows into an ecosystem in the form of _______ and exists in the form if _______.
light
heat
Entropy may decrease in an organism, but the universes total entropy ___________.
increases
Define spontaneous. How does it happen?
Happening or arising without apparent external cause;
self-generated
occurs
without energy input
, they can happen quickly or slowly
energetically favourable
increases entropy of universe
What is free energy?
is energy
that can do work
when temperature and pressure are uniform, as in a living cell.
What does free energy change tell us?
Free energy change of a reaction tells us whether or not the reaction occurs
spontaneously
Total energy = ___________ + ____________
usable energy
unusable energy
what is the equation for change in free energy (delta G)?
Change in total energy (delta H) minus [Temperature in Kelvin times change in entropy (delta S)]
What processes are spontaneous?
Only processes with a
negative Delta G
are spontaneous
start to finish delta G is "downhill"
What is free energy a measure of?
is a measure of a
system's inability
, it's
tendency to change
to a more stable state.
What happens to free energy and the stability of a system during a
spontaneous change
?
free energy
: decreases
stability of a system
: increases
Define Equilibrium.
is a
state of maximum stability
A process is spontaneous and can perform work only when it's ____________
moving toward equilibrium
what is an exergonic reaction?
proceeds with a
net release of free energy
and is
spontaneous.
exothermic reactions
What is an endergonic reaction?
absorbs free energy
from its surroundings and is
not spontaneous
endothermic reaction
Author
Anonymous
ID
241226
Card Set
Biology 1115 Chapter 8
Description
An introduction to Metabolism
Updated
2013-10-17T19:25:51Z
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