anatomy part 1b-LE

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6 major movements of the hip joint:
- flexion/ extension
- ABduction/ ADDuction
- lateral/ medial rotation
5 muscle groups that control movement of the hip joint:
- short rotators (5)
- adductors (5)
- abductors (3)
- flexors (4)
- extensors (4)
which muscle group lies the deepest?

short rotators
what are the 5 muscles of the short rotators?
- piriformis
- obturator externus
- obturator internus
- gemellus superior and inferior
- quadratus femoris
which muscle travels thru the greater sciatic foramen?

piriformis
what structure lies deep to the piriformis?

sciatic nerve
what does the piriformis arise from?

the sacrum
all the short rotators converge onto the:

back of the femur just medial to the greater trochanter (Trochanteric fossa)
the obturator internis and externis lie on each side of the:

obturator membrane
what structure exits the lesser sciatic foramen and does a 90 degree turn?

obturator internis
what structure allows free movement of the muscles over posterior border of the ischium?

Bursa of the obturator internis
the Gemelli superior and inferior arise from:
and insert:
- superior: ischial spine
- inferior: ischial tuberosity
- insert: medial to the greater trochanter (Trochanteric fossa)
quadratus femoris inserts on:

quadrate tubercle on intertrochanteric crest and inferior to it
the short rotators function to:

pull bacl on the femur medially and produce lateral rotation of the hip joint
what are the adductor muscles?
- adductor magnus
- adductor brevis
- adductor longus
- pectinus
- gracilis
which of these is the largest of the LE?

adductor magnus
what is the gap in the adductor magnus called?

adductor hiatus
what structures travel thru the adductor hiatus?

main blood vessels of the leg- femoral artery
adductor magnus arises from:
inserts on:
- arises from outer border of ischial pubic ramis
- UPPER part inserts along linea aspera
- LOWER part inserts on adductor tubercle of femur
adductor brevis and longus attach to:
insert on:
- attach to body of the pubis
- insert on femur- next to adductor magnus
- Brevis= ABove
- Longus= Below
which muscle is the shortest of the adductors?

pectineus
pectineus attachments:
- superior ramusof the pubis
- pectineal line of the femur
which adductor is the most medial?

gracilis
attachments of the gracilis?
- body of inferior ramus of the pubis
- superior part of medial surface of tibia
what is the main function of the adductors?

adduction of the hip joint
what are the ABductor muscles?
- gluteus minimus
- gluteus medius
- tensor fascia lata
attachments of the gluteus minimus:
- wing of the ilium
- anterior surface of the greater trochanter
attachments of the gluteus medius:
- arises superiorly compared to the minimus
- lateral surface of the greater trochanter
attachments of the tensor fascia lata:
- iliac crest
- iliotibial tract
a continuous sheet of dense fibrous tissue that surrounds all muscles of the thigh:

tensor fascia lata
along the outer-lateral part of the tensor fascia lata is a VERY dense part called:

iliotibial tract
iliotibial tract acts as the tendon insertion for:
- gluteus maximus
- tensor fascia lata
the iliotibial tract attaches:

proximal ileum to proximal tibia
what are the flexor muscles?
- psoas major
- iliacus
- rectus femoris
- sartorius
which muscles pass under the inguinal ligament & over the pubic ramis?
- psoas major
- iliacus
attachments for psoas major?
- lumbar spine (transverse processes of all 5 lumbar veterbra)
- lateral portions of bodies & veterbral discs
attachments for iliacus?
- iliac crest (inner aspect)
- lesser trochanter
attachments for rectus femoris:
- 2 heads on AIIS & slightly superior to acetabulum
- tibial tuberosity
attachments for Sartorius:
- ASIS
- superior part of medial surface of tibia
function of Sartorius:

helps to flex the hip & it can also produce lateral rotation @ the hip
pathway for the Sartorius:

runs in a spiral distally from lateral to medial
what are the extensor muscles?
- biceps femoris
- semimembranosis
- semitendinosis
- gluteus maximus
what muscles make up the hamstrings?
- biceps femoris
- semimembranosis
- semitendinosis
attachments for the biceps femoris:
- 2 heads-
- long head: ischial tuberosity-head of the fibula
- short head: linea aspera & lateral supracondylar line- head of the fibula
attachments for semimembranosis and semitendinosis:

ischial tuberosity-medial aspect of the tibia
attachments for the gluteus:
- back of the ileum
- posterior side of the sacrum
- sacrotuberous ligament
- upper 3/4 inserts onto iliotibial tract
- lower 1/4 gluteal tuberosity (more deeply)
function of the gluteus maximus:

extends the hip from full flexion
which is an antigravity muscle?

gluteus maximus
is the gluteus maximus a primary muscle used when walking?
- NO
- it only acts at the hip
attachments for the inguinal ligament:
- ASIS
- pubic tubercle
the inguinal ligament has a lower edge of a tendonis sheet called:

External Oblique Aponeurosis
the gap betwn the inguinal ligament & pubic ramis is occupied by:
- iliacus
- psoas
- femoral nerve, artery, & vein
- inguinal lymph nodes
what are the borders of the femoral triangle?
- Sartorius- laterally
- adductor longus- medially
- inguinal ligament- superiorly

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anatomy part 1b-LE

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anatomy part 1b- LE

Updated

2013-10-17T03:01:26Z

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