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Mental Disorders:
Disturbances of an individual's behavioral or psychological function that are not culturally expected and that lead to psychological distress, behavioral disabilities, or impaired overall functioning.
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Statistical Infreguency:
If the behavior rarely occurs in society.
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Disability or Dysfunction:
When a behavior (thoughts, emotion, actions) interferes w/ a person's ability to function.
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Personal Distress:
When the person becomes aware that the behavior is indeed a problem, and this causes them to be distressed.
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Norms:
Cultural rules that guide society.
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Classifying abnormal Behaviors:
The DSM-IV(TR) categorizes disorder and provides detailed decriptions.
useful for communications among professionals.
*DSM-IV(TR) does NOTexplain causes or provided treatment.
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Anxiety disorder
Is a type of abnormal behavior characterized by unrealistic, irrational fear- can be paralyzing & can prevent from functioning in everyday life?
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Generalized Anxierty Disorder (GAD):
Person worries excessively about everyday things; there is not one major situation/object. Characterized by a constant state of worry or preoccupation--chronic.
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Panic Disorder:
A person suffers sudden, but usually brief attacks of intense apprehension or fear. Symptoms: dizziness, trembling, difficulty breathing, inc in heart rate, fear of dying, etc.
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Specific Phobia-
Intense, irrational fear which leads to avoidance of a specific object or situation.
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Social Phobia:
Fear of being negatively evaluated by other, often fear social or performance situations, e.g. going to parties, speaking in front of other, etc.
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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (ocd)
When a person has intrusive though (obsessions) and urges to perform repetitive, ritualistic behaviors (compulsions).
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Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (ptsd):
When a person who has gone through an overwhelming trauma has been maladaptive, severs emotional reactions such as : It exaggerated to startle responses, trouble sleeping, flashback, and nightmares.
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Learning Theory:
The anxiety disorder Results from classical and operant conditioning.
Modeling & Imitation.
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Biological Theory:
Suggest that people who have anxiety disorders:~are genetically predisposed~Have disrupted biochemistry or unusual brain activity.
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Cognitive Theory:
It says that anxiety disorders are the result of distorted thoughts or beliefs, and these distorted though/beliefs cause a person to magnify the threat or failure.
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Mood Disorders:
Characterized by extreme disturbances in emotional states.
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Major Depressive Disorder:
- Symptoms:
- * Pervasive feelings of deep sadness
- * Change in sleep patterns
- * Change in appetite
- * Loss of enjoyment
- * Feelings of hopelessness/helplessness
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Bipolar Disorder
People have depressive episodes, plus periods where they have mania-rapid thoughts high energy, impulsivity and possible delusions of grandeur.
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Biological Theory
- * disruptions in neurotransmitter (esp. dopamine and serotonin).
- * Brain Function- current research is finding that there are certain parts of the brain that might trigger mood disorder
- .* Genetic predisposition.
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Psychosocail Theory-
It emphasizes disturbed interpersonal relationships, faulty thinking, poor self-concept, and maladaptive learning (e.g. learned helplessness-Seligman).
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Seasonal affective disorder (sad)
Asserts that depression is related to season of years.
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Suicide-
Severly dpressed people can become hopeless and helpless.
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