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CAD and Antianginals.txt

  1. What are the two main causes of angina?
    • CAD
    • Coronary vasospasm
  2. Patients with history of angina should have _____ and know how to use it.  When should they call if they suspect they are having a heart attack?
    Nitroglycerin sublingual

    If after first dose of no relief call EMS
  3. Patients with symptoms suggestive of CAD should be_______?
    referred to a cardiologist.
  4. What are the 3 major classes of anti angina drugs??
    • Nitrates -long and short acting
    • BB
    • CCB
  5. What is the MOA of nitrates??
    relax vascular smooth muscle. They cause dilation of the peripheral arteries and veins as well as coronary arteries.  Reduction in preload and increased blood flow and oxygen supply to the myocardium.
  6. Nitrates are one of the first medications used for angina.  They are used to .....
    Stop an acute attack, prevent attacks, and for chronic treatment.
  7. How do you take SL nitro in an acute attack??
    • 0.3-0.4 SL at 3-5 minute intervals for 3 doses.
    • IF UNIMPROVED OR WORSE AFTER 5 MINUTES, CALL EMS. (IT SHOULD BE EFFECTIVE IN 1-2 MINUTES)
  8. How soon must thrombolytic therapy be started if they are truly having a MI??
    1-3 hours of onset
  9. How do Long acting nitrates work??
    ex.
    Isordil, Nitro-Bid
    maintain vasodilation continuously decreasing the workload of the heart and maintaining blood flow to the heart
  10. Isosorbide Dinitrate
    Remember these things with administration/dosing...
    • Start Low and Go Slow
    • Take on empty stomach
    • Short half life may have to take multiple doses per day.
  11. Nitrate tolerance is the main limitation with these drugs. 
    How can you prevent this?
    • Tolerance can develop in as few as 7-10 days of ongoing treatment.
    •  
    • To prevent this need 10-12 hour nitrate-free intervals every day.
  12. Most common adverse effect of nitrates
    headache
  13. Teach patients to avoid use of other vasodilators while taking nitrates because it can cause severe _____?
    hypotension

    such as tadalifil, sidenfil, vardenafil
  14. While pt taking nitrates, you should have them???
    keep diary of prn use
  15. What labs and often obtain should they be obtained with nitrate usage??
    cardiac enzymes and electrolytes at least every three months.
  16. Most common interaction with nitrates
    • ETOH
    • Can cause severe hypotension and cardiovascular collapse
  17. What is the complications of Geriatrics and Nitrates??
    • are at greater risk for syncope with nitrates
    • have patient sit or lie down before administering drug.
    • usually need lower dose
  18. Nitrate pregnancy category
    c
  19. Ranolazine (Ranexa)
    • MOA unknown
    • minimal effects on HR and BP
    • improves exercise duration and angina symptoms when added to patient therapy already on antianginals
  20. Notify healthcare provider if taking nitrates and have what 3 symptoms??
    • blurred vision
    • persistent headache
    • dry mouth
Author
Corissa.Stovall
ID
240862
Card Set
CAD and Antianginals.txt
Description
Pharm Test 2
Updated

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