In the citric acid cycle, ATP molecules are
produced by:
Substrate-level phosphorylation
Reduction Oxidation is also known as:
REDOX
If energy is not passed through mvt of
electrons or mvt f phosphate groups its:
Lost of Heat
______ reaction is energy going from 1 molecule to another in the form of electrons.
REDOX
When ever a cell needs energy for movement or anything it needs:
ATP
What are the 2 ways to transfer energy from
exergonic reactions to endergonic (energetic coupling)
Transfer of high energy electrons
Phosphate groups
____ _____ is energy "released" by
exergonic reactions
Energetic Coupling
____ is the loss of electrons e-
Oxidation
_____ is the gain of electrons e-
Reduction
Cells undergo an _______ reaction which
releases energy
Exergonic
For each glucose that enters glycolysis, ___
acetyl CoA enter the citric acid cycle.
2
For each glucose that enters glycolysis, ___ NADH + H(+) are produced by the citric acid cycle.
6
In cellular respiration, most ATP molecules are
produced by:
Oxidative Phosphorylation
The final electron acceptor of cellular
respiration is:
Oxygen
During electron transport, energy from ___ is used to pump hydrogen ions into the _____
NADH & FADH2…… Intermembrane space.
Under what conditions will cells use fermentation pathways?
When an ETC electron acceptor is not available
What equation best summarizes photosynthesis?
6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2
The Calvin cycle in photosynthesis occurs in the:
Stroma
The light reactions of photosynthesis use _____
and produce _____.
water ... NADPH (a reactant in the Calvin Cycle)
What term describes ATP production resulting from the capture of light energy by chlorophyll?
Photophosphorylation
True or false? The chemiosmotic hypothesis states that the synthesis of ATP generates a proton gradient that leads to electron
flow through an electron transport chain.
False
According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis, what
provides the energy that directly drives ATP synthesis?
Proton Gradient
Carbon fixation involves the addition of carbon
dioxide to:
RuBP
How many carbon dioxide molecules must be added to RuBP to make a single molecule of glucose?
6
After 3-PGA is phosphorylated, it is reduced by:
NADPH
In the Calvin cycle, how many ATP molecules are required to regenerate RuBP from five G3P molecules?
3
In the light reactions, light energy is used to
oxidize ___ to ____
H2O, O2
The electrons derived from the oxidation reaction in the light reactions are used to reduce ___ to ___
NADP+, NADPH
The Calvin Cycle oxidizes the light-reactions
product ____ to____
NADPH, NADP+
The electrons derived from this oxidation reaction in the Calvin Cycle are used to
reduce ___ to ___