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Functions of the Axial Muscles
- Support the head
- Facial expression, chewing and swallowing
- Aid in breathing
- Support and Protect abdominal and pelvic organs
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Axial Muscles have both their origins and insertions on parts of the axial skeleton
TRUE
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what are the five groups of Axial Muscles
- Head and Neck
- Vertebral Column
- Respiration
- Abdominal wall
- Pelvic Floor
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Facial Expression Muscles are controlled by what nerve
- Cranial Nerve VII
- (facial Nerve)
-
Pharyngeal Muscles
Swallowing
-
Extrinsic Tongue
- Protract
- Retract
- Elevate
- Depress
-
Intrinsic Tongue muscles do what
-
Muscles of Mastication
Move the Mandible
-
Extrinsic Eye Muscles
move eye
-
extrinsic =
located outside
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Cranial Nerve X
the Vagus Nerve
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Sternocleidomastoid
- bilateral= Flex Neck
- unilateral= rotates head to opposite direction
- O: Manibrium end of Clavicle
- I: Mastoid Process of Temporal Bone
- CN XI
-
Zygomaticus major
- Smile
- O: Zygomatic bone
- I: skin at edge of mouth
- CN VII (Facial Nerve)
-
orbicularis oculi
- Closes eyes
- O: medial wall of Orbit
- I: Skin surrounding eyelids
- CN VII (FACIAL)
-
Deep back muscles
stabilize and extend spine
-
posterior neck
extend neck
-
-
Posterior Arm
Extend Elbow
-
Anterior Forearm
- Pronation
- extends wrist, hands and fingers
-
posterior forearm
- supination
- extends wrist hands and fingers
-
-
Hypothenar Group
affects the motion of the pinky
-
midpalmer group
affect the motion of all the fingers and thumb
-
-
Medial Thigh
adduct the leg
-
Gluteal Group
extend the Hips
-
Anterior Thigh
Quads Extend the Knee
-
Posterior Thigh
Hamstring Flexes the Knee
-
Deltoid
Abduction of the arm
-
bicep brachi
forearm flexion
-
Brachioradials
flexion of the forearm
-
Pronater Teres
Pronation of the Forearm
-
Tricep Brachi
action
origin/insertion
- two head to the humerus
- one head to the scapula
- extending arm
-
Buccinator
- Compression of cheeks "trumpet"
- sucking through a straw
- keeps food out of vestibule
- O: Alveolar process of maxilla & mandible
- I: Orbicularis oris
- CN VII (FACIAL)
-
Levator palpebrae superioris
- origin Sphenoid bone
- insertion upper eyelid
- Cranial Nerve III
- Elevates Eyelid
-
Muscles of the Anterior Neck include
-
Suprahyoid Muscles do _______ during _______
elevate the hyoid bone during swallowing
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Infrahyoid bones do ______ during ______
depress the hyoid bone during swallowing
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Posterior Muscles of the Neck ______ when they ______
extend the head/neck when they contract bilaterally
-
Quadratus Lumborum
- Bilateral =extension of the trunk
- unilateral =flexion of the trunk
- O: Iliac crest
- I: last rib
- Thoracic and Lumbar Spinal Nerves
-
-
major muscle of respiration
-
external intercostals
- elevates the ribs during inhalation
- O: inferior border of superior rib
- I: Superior border of inferior rib
- Thoracic Spinal Nerves
-
rectus abdominis
- Flexion of trunk, six pack muscle, holds in organs
- O:superior margin of Pubis
- I: Xiphoid Process
- Spinal Nerves T7-T12
-
triangles of the pelvic floor
- Urogenital triangle
- Anal triangle
-
Appendicular Muscles do what???
- Move upper and lower limbs
- stabilize pectoral and pelvic girdle
-
Muscles that move the pelvic girdle
- these muscles stabilize scapula during vigorous activities of the upper limb
- Trapezius
-
Trapezius
elevates, retracts and depress the scapula
Occipital Bone - I:
Acromin & Spine of scapula
Cranial Nerve XI (accessory nerve)
-
Latissimus dorsi
- Adduction of the Arm
- O: T7-T12, ribs 8-12, iliac crest
- I: Humerus
Thoracodorsal Nerve
-
Deltoid
- Extension and lateral rotation of Arm
- O:
Acromin- I:
Humerus
-
Triceps Brachi
- extending the forearm
- O: scapula, Humerus(above and below radial groove)
- I: Olecranon of ulna
- Radial Nerve
-
Biceps brachi
- flexion of the forearm
- O: Scupula & coracoid of scapula
- I: Radial tuberosity
- Musculocutaneous nerve
-
Brachioradialis
- Flexion of the Arm
- O: humerus
- I: radius
- Radial Nerve
-
Pronator Teres
- Pronation of the forearm
- O: humerus and ulna
- I: radius
- Median Nerve
-
flexor retinaculum
it holds the muscles that cross over the anterior surface of the arm in place
-
carpal tunnel
space between the flexor retinaculum and the carpal bones
-
intrinsic foot muscles
- supports arches
- moves toes
- plantar fascia (cushion to walk on)
-
Abductor Hallucis
abducts the big toe
-
anterior leg
dorsiflexion
-
posterior leg
"crural"
plantar flexion
-
lateral leg
"crural"
eversion
-
-
Abductor brevis
- Adduction of thigh
- O: pubis bone
- I: femur
- Obturator nerve
-
Gluteus Maximus
- Extension of thigh
- O: Iliac Crest, sacrum, coccyx
- I: Femur
- Inferior Gluteal Nerve
-
Vastus mediallis
- Extension of the thigh
- O: femur
- I: quad tendon to patella then tibial tuberosity
- Femoral Nerve
-
Rectus femoris
- extension thigh
- O: Iliac spine
- I: patella & tibial tuberosity
- Femoral Nerve
-
Biceps femoris
- Flexion of the Leg/Extension of the thigh
- O: long head-ischial tuberosity, short head ischium tuberosity (FEMUR)
- I: Head of Fibula
- Tibial Nerve
-
posterior Leg is also know as the ____
Hamstring
-
Tibialis Posterior
- Plantar flexion of foot
- O: Fibula, tibia, and interosseous membrane
- I: Metatarsals II-IV
- Tibial Nerve
-
Gastrocnemius
- Plantar Flexion of foot
- O: lateral and medial condyles of femur
- I: Calcaneous
- Tibial Nerve
-
External Anal Sphincter
- close the anus
- O: perineal body
- I: encircles anal opening
- Pudendal Nerve
-
Frontal belly of Occipitofrontalis
- Elevates eyebrows
- O: fronatl
- I: epicranial aponeurosis
- CN VII (FACIAL)
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