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anatomy exam muscles
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what are the three types of muscles and their features?
cardiac-striated-involuntary
smooth-nonstriated-involuntary
skeletal-striated-voluntary
what are the four unique characteristics of muscle tissue?
Excitibility
Contractibility
Elasticity
Extensibility
Extensibility
ability of muscle fiber to be stretched be yond relaxed length
Elasticity
the muscle fiber's ability to return to its original length when the tension of contraction is released
Excitability
outside stimuli can initiate electrical changes in the muscle fiber
leading to contraction of the muscle fiber
contractability
stimulation of muscle fiber can lead to contraction (shortening) of the muscle fibers
skeletal muscle are considered _______ because it contains and is constructed of ______
an organ
all four tissue types
functions of the skeletal muscle tissue
Body Movement
Maintain Posture
Temperature Regulation
Storage and movement of materials
support
each skeletal muscle is composed of
Muscle fiers
muscle fibers are organized into
bundles called fascicles
muscle fibers contain _______ and are composed of ________
contain myofibrils
composed of myofilaments
myofilaments are mainly composed of
Actin
and
Myosin
what is the order of skeletal muscle Structural Organization
Muscle
Fascicles
Muscle Fiber
Myofibrils
Myofilaments
Actin and Myosin
layers of connective tissue
Endomysium
Perimysium
Epimysium
Deep and Superficial Fascia
the innermost layer on connective tissue that surrounds and electrically insulates each muscle fiber
Endomysium
perimysium
surrounds individual fascicles
layer of connective tissue that surrounds the entire muscle
Epimysium
the connective tissue that surrounds each muscle and separate muscles from each other
Deep and Superficial Fascia
tendon
at the end of each muscle, all the connective tissue merge to form tendon
attaches muscle to bone
Flat tendons
Aponeurosis
origin
point of attachment that does not move
insertion
point of attachment to a bone that moves
skeletal muscle
plasma membrane
sarcolemma
skeletal muscle
Cytoplasm
sarcoplasm
skeletal muscle
Smooth ER
sarcoplasmic reticulum
what are the two main structures of muscle fiber
Transverse tubules (T-Tubules)-deep tubes of the sarcolemma that extend into the sarcoplasm
Terminal cisternae-sacs at the end of sarcoplasmic reticulum
the sarcoplasm of a muscle fiber contains 100-1000 of cylindrical structures that extend the length of the cell.
what are they?
Myofibrils
they have the ability to shorten/contract
myofibrils are composed of short bundles of ____
myofilaments
they are organized in repetitive groupings
two types of filaments
Thin Filaments--Actin and associated proteins
Thick Filaments--Myosin
thin filaments have two regulatory proteins,
Tropomyosin
Troponin
thin filaments are comprised of ____
two strands of bead shaped molecules twisted around each other
PEARL NECKLACE
thick filaments are composed of
myosin
what do thick filaments look like
myosin looks like golf clubs wrapped around each other
A-Bands
A bands are dark bands
contain entire myosin molecule and overlapping actin
I-Bands
light bands
contain thin filaments but not thick filaments
z-disk
protein structure in the middle of I band
serves for attachment site for thin filaments
M-line
meshwork
H zone (band)
light central region of A BAnd where there are no thin filaments
Sarcomere
The
functional contractile unit
in skeletal muscle fiber
Wen does muscle contraction begin?
when a motor neuron impulse stimulates a muscle fiber
Neuromuscular Junction
the region where the motor neuron comes into close proximity to the muscle fiber
Motor End Plate
region of sarcolemma across from the synaptic knob that has folds and indentations to increase the surface area
Synaptic Knob
expanded end of the neuron
Motor Unit
a single motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls
Only controls a few muscle fibers in an entire muscle
larger muscles have more than 1 motor neuron?
true or false
TRUE
when motor unit is stimulated how many of the fibers under its control will contract?
ALL-OR-NONE
muscle atrophy
wasting away of the muscle
disuse
lack of stimulation
Muscle Hypertrophy
increase in muscle size
myofibrils and myofilaments increase in number
types of skeletal muscle fibers
Slow (type I, slow oxidative)
Intermediate (typeIIa, fast aerobic)
Fast (type IIb, fast anaerobic)
slow fibers are ____
red
intermediate fibers are _____
pink
fast fibers are_____
white
what are the four different patterns of fascicle arrangements
fibers are organized into fascicles within the muscle
Circular
Convergent
Parallel
Pennate
pennate =
feather shaped
convergent
triangular common attachment site
Agonist
Prime Mover
Antagonist
opposes the agonist
Synergist
assists prime mover
cardiac muscle fibers
striated
One or Two nuclei
Form Y-shaped branches
cardiac muscle fibers join other cells and form junctions called _____
intercalated discs
autorhythmic
able to generate impulse without stimulation from nerves
smooth muscle fibers are found _______
blood vessels
walls of viscera
Walls of Hollow Organs
smooth muscle fiber
Shape
how many nuclei
fusiform
1 nucleus
non striated
involuntary
Author
alicia0309
ID
240668
Card Set
anatomy exam muscles
Description
chapter 10
Updated
2013-10-15T02:42:59Z
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