M.T. Chapter 9 - Blood, Lymph, and Immune Systems

protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of a foreign substance called an antigen

substance, recognized as harmful to the host, that stimulates formation of antibodies in an immunocompetent individual

erythrocytes

leukocytes

thrombocytes

the solid components of blood include

the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended

blood is __________ tissue

RBCs live for approximately

an organism that harbors a parasite, or a mutual or commensal symbiont, typically providing nourishment and shelter

undifferentiated biological cells, that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more

when fibrinogen and clotting elements are removed from plasma, the resulting fluid is called

gland

embryonic cell

red

blood

blood

white

lymph glad (node)

characterized by changes in the size, consistency, or number of lymph nodes

causes a profoundly elevated white blood cell count and a very low red blood cellcount

lymph

specialized iron-containing compound that gives red blood cells their color, carries oxygen to body tissues and exchanges it for carbon dioxide

form, shape, structure

study of form, shape, and structure

bone marrow; spinal accord

swallowing, eating

cell that eats (foreign material)

formation, growth

net, mesh

an immature erythrocyte that contains strands of nuclear material. This material appears as a tiny net when observed microscopically

spleen

blood clot

foreign, strange

embryonic cell

blood condition

protein

any condition characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells or a deficiency in their hemoglobin

transplantation

abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)

decrease, deficiency

protection

formation, production

standing still

without, not

other, differing from the normal

same, equal

large

small

one

many, much

a deficiency of erythrocytes or hemoglobin in the blood; it is not a disease but a symptom of other illness

decreased blood formation within bone marrow; bone marrow failure; results in erythropenia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia

inherited anemia that causes RBCs to become crescent shaped when oyxgen levels are low

paleness

the immune system becomes weak

a neoplastic disorder closely associated with AIDS and is considered AIDS-defining diseases; a malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat, muscle, and fibrous tissue; tumors readily metastasize to other organs

periods of flare-up

an abnormal accumulation of fluids in the intercellular spaces of the body

medications that promote urination

a malignant disease of the lymph system primarily the lymph nodes

swelling, primarily in a single arm or leg, due to an accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels

presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood; also called blood poisoning

overproduction of platelets, leading to bleeding disorders due to platelet malformations

abnormal decrease in platelets caused by low production of platelets in the bone marrow or increased destruction of platelets in the blood vessels, spleen, or liver

removal of a small sample of bone marrow using a thin aspiring needle (usually from the pelvis) for microscopic examination

infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after the diseased bone marrow is destroyed by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy; used to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain cancers

removal of the first node that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells

series of tests that includes hemoglobin; hematocrit; red and white blood cell counts, platelets count; and differential (diff) count; also called hemogram

prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting the synthesis or inactivating one or more cloting factors

dissolve blood clots by dissolving their fibrin strands

and anticoagulant that prevents blood clots but does not break up a clot that has already occured

skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue-black to greenish brown or yellow; commonly called a bruise

nasal hemorrhage; nosebleed

purpose is to recognize particular substances which are foreign to the body and remove the material from the tissues

packed cell volume (PCV) – the fraction of whole blood volume that consists of red blood cells

counting the number of specific types of white blood cells found in 1 cubic millimeter of blood; may be included as part of a complete blood count

a measurement of the amount or concentration of a substance in a solution; usually refers to the amount of antibodies found in a patient's blood

traditionally used to describe infections that developed in the hospital or to describe infections that were acquired in the hospital but did not develop until after discharge

allow for the enhanced visibility of soft tissue and other areas with low natural contrast

often done before a bone marrow transplant to suppress the immune system so patient will be less likely to reject the new bone marrow

not irradiating the entire body, just all the lymph nodes; usually performed on Hodgkins disease patients

a specific type of a cell that will be found in all patients with Hodgkins Disease thus if someone has this cell then they are diagnosed with Hodgkins Disease

patient lying on the table with elbows bent

ring of tonsillar tissue that encircles the nasopharynx and oropharynx

a gene that has the potential to cause cancer

programmed cell death

a substance manufactured and released by the tumor

dilation of the surface blood vessels caused by the loss of capillary tone, resulting in a fine spider-vein appearance on the skin surface

transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

provide defenses against diseases and other harmful substances and aid in tissue repair

provide mechanisms for blood coagulation

92% water

nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils

primary cells in immune system

decrease in amount of hemoglobin

decrease in number of RBCs

infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which slowly destroys the immune system

failure of body to distinguish between "self" and "non-self"; attacks antigens found in its own cells causing tissue injury; usually chronic, requires lifelong care and monitoring; few have cures