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protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of a foreign substance called an antigen
antibody (Ab)
-
substance, recognized as harmful to the host, that stimulates formation of antibodies in an immunocompetent individual
antigen
-
erythrocytes
red blood cells
-
leukocytes
white blood cells
-
-
the solid components of blood include
- red blood cells
- white blood cells
- platelets
-
the liquid portion of blood in which blood cells are suspended
plasma
-
blood is __________ tissue
connective
-
RBCs live for approximately
120 days
-
an organism that harbors a parasite, or a mutual or commensal symbiont, typically providing nourishment and shelter
host
-
undifferentiated biological cells, that can differentiate into specialized cells and can divide (through mitosis) to produce more
stem cell
-
when fibrinogen and clotting elements are removed from plasma, the resulting fluid is called
serum
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
lymph glad (node)
lymphaden/o
-
characterized by changes in the size, consistency, or number of lymph nodes
lymphadenopathy
-
causes a profoundly elevated white blood cell count and a very low red blood cellcount
leukemia
-
-
specialized iron-containing compound that gives red blood cells their color, carries oxygen to body tissues and exchanges it for carbon dioxide
hemoglobin
-
form, shape, structure
morph/o
-
study of form, shape, and structure
morphology
-
bone marrow; spinal accord
myel/o
-
swallowing, eating
phag/o
-
cell that eats (foreign material)
phagocyte
-
-
-
an immature erythrocyte that contains strands of nuclear material. This material appears as a tiny net when observed microscopically
reticulocyte
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
any condition characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells or a deficiency in their hemoglobin
anemia
-
-
abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells)
-osis
-
decrease, deficiency
-penia
-
-
formation, production
-poiesis
-
-
-
other, differing from the normal
allo-
-
-
-
-
-
-
a deficiency of erythrocytes or hemoglobin in the blood; it is not a disease but a symptom of other illness
anemia
-
decreased blood formation within bone marrow; bone marrow failure; results in erythropenia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia
aplastic anemia
-
inherited anemia that causes RBCs to become crescent shaped when oyxgen levels are low
sickle cell anemia
-
-
the immune system becomes weak
immunocompromised
-
a neoplastic disorder closely associated with AIDS and is considered AIDS-defining diseases; a malignancy of connective tissue, including bone, fat, muscle, and fibrous tissue; tumors readily metastasize to other organs
kaposi sarcoma
-
periods of flare-up
exacerbations
-
an abnormal accumulation of fluids in the intercellular spaces of the body
edema
-
medications that promote urination
diuretics
-
a malignant disease of the lymph system primarily the lymph nodes
Hodgkin disease / Hodgkin lymphoma
-
swelling, primarily in a single arm or leg, due to an accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels
lymphedema
-
presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood; also called blood poisoning
sepsis / septicemia
-
overproduction of platelets, leading to bleeding disorders due to platelet malformations
thrombocythemia
-
abnormal decrease in platelets caused by low production of platelets in the bone marrow or increased destruction of platelets in the blood vessels, spleen, or liver
thrombocytopenia
-
removal of a small sample of bone marrow using a thin aspiring needle (usually from the pelvis) for microscopic examination
bone marrow aspiration
-
infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after the diseased bone marrow is destroyed by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy; used to treat leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain cancers
bone marrow transplant
-
removal of the first node that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells
sentinel node excision
-
series of tests that includes hemoglobin; hematocrit; red and white blood cell counts, platelets count; and differential (diff) count; also called hemogram
complete blood count (CBC)
-
prevent blood clot formation by inhibiting the synthesis or inactivating one or more cloting factors
anticoagulants
-
dissolve blood clots by dissolving their fibrin strands
thrombolytics
-
and anticoagulant that prevents blood clots but does not break up a clot that has already occured
heparin
-
skin discoloration consisting of a large, irregularly formed hemorrhagic area with colors changing from blue-black to greenish brown or yellow; commonly called a bruise
eccymosis
-
nasal hemorrhage; nosebleed
epistaxis
-
purpose is to recognize particular substances which are foreign to the body and remove the material from the tissues
immune system
-
packed cell volume (PCV) – the fraction of whole blood volume that consists of red blood cells
hematocrit
-
counting the number of specific types of white blood cells found in 1 cubic millimeter of blood; may be included as part of a complete blood count
differential count
-
a measurement of the amount or concentration of a substance in a solution; usually refers to the amount of antibodies found in a patient's blood
titer
-
traditionally used to describe infections that developed in the hospital or to describe infections that were acquired in the hospital but did not develop until after discharge
nasocomial
-
allow for the enhanced visibility of soft tissue and other areas with low natural contrast
contrast media
-
often done before a bone marrow transplant to suppress the immune system so patient will be less likely to reject the new bone marrow
Total Body Irradiation (TBI)
-
not irradiating the entire body, just all the lymph nodes; usually performed on Hodgkins disease patients
Total Nodal Irradiation (TNI)
-
a specific type of a cell that will be found in all patients with Hodgkins Disease thus if someone has this cell then they are diagnosed with Hodgkins Disease
Reed Sternberg Cell
-
patient lying on the table with elbows bent
akimbo
-
ring of tonsillar tissue that encircles the nasopharynx and oropharynx
Waldeyer's Ring
-
a gene that has the potential to cause cancer
oncogene
-
programmed cell death
apoptosis
-
a substance manufactured and released by the tumor
tumor marker
-
dilation of the surface blood vessels caused by the loss of capillary tone, resulting in a fine spider-vein appearance on the skin surface
telangiectasia
-
transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
red blood cells
-
provide defenses against diseases and other harmful substances and aid in tissue repair
white blood cells
-
provide mechanisms for blood coagulation
platelets
-
-
nodes, spleen, thymus, tonsils
lymph system
-
primary cells in immune system
lymphocytes
-
decrease in amount of hemoglobin
hypochromasia
-
decrease in number of RBCs
erythropenia
-
infectious disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which slowly destroys the immune system
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
-
failure of body to distinguish between "self" and "non-self"; attacks antigens found in its own cells causing tissue injury; usually chronic, requires lifelong care and monitoring; few have cures
autoimmune disease
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