Ch.2 vocab ehs

The branch of botany that deals with the naming of plants.

Carolus Linnaeus

That a plant name has two parts.

Genus(genera,plural)

• Specific epithet.
• the descriptive adjective of the plant

• Cultivar or variety
• variety is a mutation or differs significantly from its parent species.
• Cultivatar is a man-made or human-maintained variety.

International code of botanic Nomenclature

• 22% of all seed-bearing plants
• non woody plants with a short stem and overlapping leaves arranged in a whorl.

• grow to a large size
• have a branching vien pattern
• flower petals have multiples of 4 or 5.
• most trees or shrubs are dicots fruits/veggies.

• blade and petiole(leaf stem)
• angle formed between petiole and supporting stem is the leaf axil(buds are found in the axil) 
• primary function is photosynesis

• Leaf
• stem
• buds
• roots

• the leafs edge it can be
• entire(meaning smooth)
• toothed
• barbed and spined(protection from predators)
• lobed

• Dicots have a central vein (midvien)
• Monocots have  parallel viens running length of leaf

• tip of the leaf can be 
• pointed
• blunt
• notched

part of the blade that attaches to the petiole or directly to the stem.

• hair,scales,or film found on a leaf.
• wax layer= cuticle(prevents water loss from leaf surface)
• hairs=trichomes(discourages animals,extra insulation against water loss)

• minute opening and the cells that surround it
• found on underside of leaf
• central holes(stoma)flanked by guard cells that open or closed based on environmental conditions

regulates flow of water vapor and gases in and out of the leaves,when holes close no photosynesis

leaflike appendages found at the base of the petiole.Like molars not all plants have them (prehistoric protection of the leaf bud)

• twining tendrils
• spines
• bracts(leaves of a pointsetta)

• grow in height and width
• transports water/other substances
• site of leaf and flower attachment

• stems that grow underground have scales(leaves,onion layer)
• M stems are also above ground shortened to for rosette pattern with leaves ex african violets

an underground stem thickened to serve as a storage site

• Whorled
• opposite
• alternative
• important used to identify plants

the site at which a leaf is or was once attached.

Section of stem between nodes.

network of pathways that move carbohydrates, minerals, water, and other substances within the plants

water and nutrients move up through xylem from roots

manufactured carbohydrates (plant food) move down through the phloem to roots and where needed

composed of individual leaflets has one bud at leaf base

• Xylem and Phloem arranges in concentric rings
• older woody dicots develop a secondary xylem&Phloem layer
• phloem outside xylem layer in center ring
• non woody dicots vascular bundles arranged in a ring in the stem

• together in vascular bundles
• extend also through organs of plant

• creates new phloem/xylem cells to maintain or increase transporting abilities of the vascular system
• thin layer of dividing cells found inbetween xylem and phloem

• Found in woody stems produces bark cells
• found directly beneath bark surface

• Can be either vegetative,flower,or mixed bud
• arranged in either axillary(located at leaf axils or terminal position(located at the tip of stem)
• adventitious buds-found veins of leaf or leaf blade junction

site of new leaf growth,contains leaf/ves or an embryonic shoot

• includes rudiments of one or more flowers
• usually larger than vegetative bud

contains the potential to produce a flower or shoot

• anchor plant
• transport/absorb water/nutrients for use in photosynesis(takes place in younger roots)
• carbohydrates store in older roots

point at which roots attach to aboveground portions of the plant

• Taproot-primary root doesn't branch out thick (ex citrus,carrot,dandelions)
• Fibrous root system-grow from base of dead primary root(after seed germination)
• lateral side roots grow/germinate
• fleshy root-thick like taproot but branch out

• grow of non-root parts of plant
• (ex orchids,ivy,african violets- grown from cuttings roots developed from stem)

• root cap-made of layer cells that prevent damage to the rest of the root as pushed through soil.
• meristem-produces cells that elongate the root
• zone of maturation and absorbtion- absorbs h2O/nutrients enter form fragile root hairs(live few weeks,replaced)

store large quantities of carbohydrates (ex sweet potato)