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Workshop dress:
Name 4 things you should make sure of when dressing for workshop work?
- 1. Don't let SLEEVES, ties, hair etc hang loose
- 2. Wear protective GOGGLES
- 3. Wear protective SHOES
- 4. Wear protective GLOVES
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Workshop dress:
When working with acids, what should you ensure?
You're wearing GOGGLES to protect your eyes.
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Workshop - preparation:
Name 4 things you should check before you BEGIN operating a machine?
- 1. ensure that your work is in a VICE
- 2. ensure that machine GUARDS are properly in place
- 3. ensure that cutting tools are SHARP and are set correctly
- 3. ensure you know where the STOP button is
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Workshop - when operating the machine, you should (3):
- 1. keep your hands away from MOVING PARTS
- 2. ensure GOGGLES are covering your eyes
- 3. keep your hands away from the CUTTIN EDGE
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Workshop behaviour:
Name 3 correct behaviours when in a workshop?
- 1. never RUN
- 2. get PERMISSION to use a machine
- 3. if you have any DOUBTS, ask teacher
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Workshop - working with resins:
What should you make sure of before working with resins?
Ensure that you are wearing GLOVES or BARRIER CREAM.
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Tools and Equipment:
What's this and what is it used for?
It's a COPING SAW
It's used for cutting out intricate shapes and patterns and has a very thin blade.
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Tools and Equipment:
What is this called and what is it used for?
A HEGNERSAW or SCROLL SAW.
It's a motorised version of the Fret Saw. It's used for cutting intricate shapes in wood and can cut wood up to 25mm thick. It is a very dangerous machine to use!
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Tools and Equipment:
What is this called and what is it used for?
A BANDFACER.
It's used for sanding (smoothing) wood surfaces.
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Tools and Equipment:
What is this called?
A VICE, or vice-grip.
It's used for holding things tightly in place.
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Tools and Equipment:
What is this and how do you use it?
A try square.
It's used for marking and measuring a piece of wood.
The square allows you to accurately measure a right angle (90 degrees).
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Tools and Equipment:
What is a cramp and what's it used for?
It's a G shaped device used for tightening two pieces of wood together to make the glue set properly.
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Nails:
What are they normally made from? Name 3 types and say what they're used for.
- Nails are normally made form mild steel.
- Three types:
- ROUND WIRE - for cheap constuction work
- OVAL WIRE - for better quality work
- PANEL PIN - for fixing thin sheet material
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Nails:
What's the main difference between Round Wire nails and Oval Wire nails?
The heads in Oval nails can be hammered in below the surface, whereas the heads of Roundwire nails cannot.
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Nails:
What is a nail punch used for?
To punch nails in below the surface.
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Glues:
What does PVA stand for?
Poly vinyl acetate.
It's a white creamy glue and is the most commonly used type of glue.
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Glues:
When using PVA to glue joints together, why do you need to wipe off excess glue with a paper towel?
Because it's very difficult to remove once it's set (after about 4 hours).
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Glues:
What are the two types of PVA?
Waterproof and non-waterproof PVA
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Glues and nails:
What's the process for joining two pieces of wood together using glue and nails?
- 1. hold one piece securely in a vice
- 2. get the nails started in the other piece of wood
- 3. put a THIN LAYER of glue on both touching surfaces
- 4. position and hammer in the nails
- 5. wipe off any excess glue
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Woods:
Name the three types and state where they come from.
- Hardwood - comes from broad-leaf decidious trees eg OAK, ELM
- Softwood - comes from conifer trees.
- Manufactured - from factories!
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Woods:
Name the four types of manufactured board.
- plywood
- blockboard
- chipboard
- hardboard
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Woods:
What is plywood and what is it used for?
Plywood is made by sticking "veneers" together.
It's used for toys and the bottoms of drawers.
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Woods:
How is blockboard made and what is it used for?
Blockboard is made by sticking many thin layers of softwood side by side, then sticking a thin veneer on each side.
It is used for making modern furniture.
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Woods:
How is chipboard made and what is it used for?
Chipboard is made by gluing thousands of tiny bits of wood.
It is used with a front veneer for kitchen cupboards.
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Woods:
What is hardboard and what is it used for?
Hardboard is made by gluing and compressing pulped wood.
It is used for large areas like the backs of cupboards.
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Woods:
Name two types of hardwood and give example of uses.
- Mahogany hardwood - used for high quality furniture
- Beech hardwood - used for workbenches.
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Woods:
Name two types of softwood and give example of their uses.
- Redwood - honey colour - house roofs and window frames
- Parana pine - pale yellow - staircases.
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Woods:
What is the purpose of seasoning wood?
To clear out water from the tree.
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Woods:
How is the age of a tree found?
By counting it's annual rings.
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Metals:
What are ferrous and non-ferrous metals?
- Ferrous metals contain iron
- Non-ferrous metals do not contain iron
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Metals - Ferrous metals
Give 5 examples of ferrous metals and their uses?
Mild Steel - tough - used in school workshops, car bodies, nuts and bolts
Carbon Steel - tough - cutting steel e.g. drillbits
Stainless Steel - tough - cutlery. medical instruments
Cast iron - strong but brittle - castings, car engines, manhole covers
Wrought iron - tough, resists rustic - gates and railings
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Metals - Non-Ferrous metals
Give 5 examples of non-ferrous metals and their uses?
Aluminium alloy - ductile, very light - window frames, aircraft, kitchenware
Copper - ductile, can be beaten into shape - electrical wiring, tubing, kettles
Brass - hard, conducts electricity - electrical fittings, ornaments
Silver - ductile, resists corrossion - jewellery, solder and ornaments
Lead - soft, heavy, ductile - solders, pipes, batteries, roofing
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Electronics - Circuits:
What does it mean if two lights are "in series"?
How does the current going through them compare to the current being supplied by the battery?
- It means that they are one after each other in a straight line.
- The current going through both is the same as the current being supplied by the battery.
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Electronics - Circuits:
What does it mean if two lights are "in parallel" in a circuit? If there were three lights in parallel, how would the current going through each compare to the current being supplied by the battery?
In parallel means that they appear in a parallel in a circuit.
If three lights were in parallel, the current going though them would be 1/3rd of the current being supplied by the battery.
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Electronics - Circuits:
Are the lights in series or in parallel?
In series (current is the same throughout).
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Electronics - Circuits:
Are the lights in series or in parallel?
- In parallel.
- Here, the current from the battery gets split into three. Each of the lights gets the same current through it, but this current is only 1/3rd of the current a bulb in a series circuit would get.
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Electronics - Switches:
Draw the symbol for a "push to make" switch and describe what it does.
- It MAKES the circuit when pressed down.
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Electronics - Switches:
Draw the symbol for a "push to break" switch and describe what it does.
- when pushed it BREAKS the circuit
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Electronics - Switches:
Draw the symbol for a "reed" switch and describe what it does.
- when a magnet comes near, the reed wires are forced together to make the circuit.
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Electronics - Switches:
Draw the symbol for a "On/off" switch and give another name for it.
- another name is : SPST switch
- (single pole, single throw)
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Electronics - Switches:
Draw the symbol for a "2 way" switch and give another name for it.
- another name is SPDT switch.
- (single pole, double throw)
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Electronics - LEDs:
What does LED stand for?
Light Emitting Diode
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Electronics - LEDs:
When including an LED in any circuit, what must you remember to include, and why?
To put a resistor in front of it in the circuit. This is because LEDs only need a tiny amount of current (max 30mA) and the resistor will dramatically reduce the current going into the LED so it doesn't burn out. LEDs typically operate between 10-20mA of current.
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Electronics - LEDs:
What are the two legs of an LED called and which one is postive / negative?
- Anode - negative (think of anti)
- Cathode - positive (this leg is longer than the anode)
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Electronics - LEDs:
What is the safe operating voltage of an LED?
1.5 volts up to 5 volts
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Electronics - LEDs:
What way should a LED be connected to a battery (postive / negative)?
The negative ANODE should be connected to the POSTIVE BATTERY terminal.
The positive CATHODE should be connected to the NEGATIVE BATTERY terminal.
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Electronics - Units:
What are the units of Voltage, Current and Resistance?
- Voltage - volts
- Current - amps (or milliamps)
- Resitance - ohms
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Electronics: What is a thyristor?
A thyristor is an electronic component that can be used to create a latching circuit. It is a semi-conductor.
When 0.7V is received at the gate, the thyristor is said to be "latched" (or "remembered").
When the latch is triggered it remains on until a signal is received. This means that they are very useful in alarm circuits.
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What are the components of a thyristor?
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