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Cranial Nerve mnemonic:
- On Old Olympus' Towering Tops a Friendly Viking Grew Vines and Hops
- Olfactory-S
- Optic- S
- Oculomotor- M
- Trochlear- M
- Trigeminal: Opthalmic (S), Maxillary (S), Mandibular(B)
- Abducens- M
- Facial- B
- Vestibulocochlear (Auditory)- S
- Glossopharyngeal- B
- Vagus- B
- Spinal Accessory- M
- Hypoglossal- M
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Olfactory n.
- I. Sensory from olfactory epithelium
- Passes through: Cribiform Plate
- Smell test with cotton ball with alcohol but not too strong to stimulate V.
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Optic n.
- II. Sensory vision) from retina
- passes through: Optic Canal
- Test: Menace response. *II in VII (Facial) out
- Obstacle course, ball across floor (quietly), or pupillary light reflex (II in, III out)
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Oculomotor n.
- III. Motor to DVM rectus mm., ventral oblique and levator palpebrae superioris m.
- PAsses through orbital fissure
- Test: DVM movement of pupil in head (tracking), look for lateral strabismus, droopy upper eyelid, pupillary light reflex (II in III out) including indirect response to contralateral eye.
- ***PNS to ciliary ganglion (iris sphincter m.)
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Trochlear n.
- IV. Motor to dorsal oblique m.
- Passes through Orbital fissure
- Oblique déviation of pupil in lesioned animal (not obvious in species with round pupils)
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Trigeminal n. (Opthalmic branch)
- V. Sensory from globe, periorbita, nasal mucosa, and medial aspect of palpebrae
- Passes through orbital fissure
- Palpebral reflex, medial canthus (V. in VII out)
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Trigeminal n. (Maxillary branch)
- V. Sensory from upper lip, nasal mucosa, lateral aspect of palpebrae
- Passes through round foramen and rostral alar foramen
- Palpebral reflex, lateral canthus, test sensation to upper lip or nasal mucosa
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Trigeminal n. (Mandibular branch)
- V. sensory from lower jaw and auricotemporal area and motor to of mastication
- Passes through the oval foramen
- Test sensation to lower jaw/lip or auriculotemporal area, or look for neurogenic atrophy to muscles of mastication.
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Abducens n.
- VI. Motor to retractor blubi m. and lateral rectus m.
- Passes orbital fissure
- Lateral movement of the eye (globe) in the head (tracking), look for medial strabismus in a lesioned animal
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Facial n.
- VII. Motor to muscles of facial expression and sensory (taste) from the rostral 2/3 of the tongue.
- Passes through Stylomastoid foramen (motor fibers) and internal acoustic meatus
- ****PNS to salivary and lacrimal gl.
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Vestibulocochlear (Auditory) n.
- VIII. Sensory for hearing and balance
- Passing through internal acoustic meatus
- Test hearing: pots and pans. Also look for vestibular signs…nystagmus, head tilt, circling and balance problems
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Glossopharyngeal n.
- IX. Sensory to tongue and pharyngeal mucosa and motor to pharynx
- Passing through jugular foramen and tympanooccipital fissure
- Test gag reflex, swallowing (history of coughing/gagging when drinking or eating?)
- **** PNS to parotid and mucosal gland
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Vagus n.
- X. Some motor to pharynx and esophagus. Sensory to ear canal and epiglottis
- Passes through jugular foramen and tympanooccipital fissure
- Test: listen to heart (incurased with lesion), listen to gut (decreased with lesion), gag reflex
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Spinal Accessory n.
- XI. Motor to trapezius, omotransversarius, sternocephalicus, and cleidocephalicus mm. Also motor to larynx via recurrent laryngeal n.
- Passes through jugular foramen and tympanooccipital fissure
- Test neurogenic atrophy of these mm. with lesion
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Hypoglossal n.
- XII. Motor to extrinsic and intrinsic mm. of tongue
- Passes through hypoglossal canal
- Test tongue tone, tongue neurogenic atrophy, pull tongue or watch dog lap up water
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Name nerves with PNS activity:
3,7,9,10
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Name nerves with both motor and sensory innervation:
- Trigeminal, Facial, Glossopharyngeal, Vagus
- 5,7,9,10
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Name nerves with only Sensory innervation:
- 1,2,8
- Olfactory, Optic, Vestibulocochlear
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Name nerves with only motor innervation:
- 3,4,6,11,12
- Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens, Spinal Accessory, and Hypoglossal
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