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Forward or front portion of the body or body parts
Anterior
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Backward or back portion of the body or body part.
Posterior
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Away from the head
Caudal/Caudad
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Pertaining to the head; toward the head
Cephalic/Cephalad
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Pertaining to the middle area or main part of an organ or body part.
Central
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Away from the central mass of an organ, toward its outer limits.
Peripheral
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Away from the source or point of origin.
Distal
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Toward the source or point of origin.
Proximal
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Pertaining to the back part or surface of the body or part.
Dorsal
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Forward, front part
Ventral
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To the outside, at or near the surface of the body or a body part.
External
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Deep, near the center of the body or a body part.
Internal
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Below, farther from the head.
Inferior
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Above, toward the head.
Superior
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Referring to the side, away from the center to the left or right.
Lateral
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Toward the center of the body or the center of a part.
Medial/Mesial
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Referring to the palm of the hand.
Palmar
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Referring to the sole of the foot.
Plantar
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Referring to the walls of a cavity.
Parietal
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Pertaining to organs.
Visceral
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-
-
Lying on the back.
Supine
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Erect, standing or seated.
Upright
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The patient is recumbent with the central ray horizontal, or parallel to the floor. This position is named according to the body surface on which the patient is lying.
- Decubitus
- Lateral decubitus
- Dorsal decubitus
- Ventral decubitus
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Placement of the body or body part with the sagittal plane parallel to the IR.
Lateral Position
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Angulation of the coronal plane of the chest with the IR. It is achieved by having the upright patent lean back so that only the dorsal aspect of the shoulders is in contact with the IR.
Lordotic postion
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When the body part or entire body is placed so that the coronal plane is not parallel with the radiographic table or IR.
Oblique
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The CR enters the anterior surface and exits the posterior surface of the body or anatomic structure.
Anteroposterior (AP)
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The CR enters the posterior surface and exits the anterior surface of the body or anatomic structure.
Posteroanterior (PA)
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Those in which the sagittal plane of the body or body part is parallel to the IR. Lateral projections are always named for the side of the patient that is nearest the IR.
Lateral Projections
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Those in which the body is rotated so that the CR travels through the body on the oblique plane, rather then following an anatomic plane. Oblique projections are named by the entrance and exit points or the CR.
Oblique Projections
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