Med term module 5

passage of materials through the walls of the small intestine into the bloodstream

building blocks of proteins released when proteins are digested

enzyme secreted by salivary glands and pancreas for digestion of carbohydrate

terminal opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body

blind pouch hanging from the cecum

digestive juice made in the liver and stored in the gallbladder. it emulsifies fat.  Composed of bile pigments, cholesterol, and bile salts

pigment released by the liver in bile

intestine

pointed, dog-like teeth next to the incisors.  also called cuspids

first part of the large intestine

portion of the large intestine consisting of the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid segments

carries bile from the liver and gallbladder to the duodenum.  also called the choledochus

elimination of feces form the digestive tract through the anus

swallowing

primary material found in teeth, covered by enamel in the crown and cementum in the root

breakdown of complex foods to simpler forms

• first part of the small intestine
• duo = 2
• den = 10
• duodenum is 12 inches long

act of removal of materials from the body

physical process of breaking up large fat globules into smaller globules.  this increases the surface area that enzymes can act upon

hard, outermost layer of a tooth

• chemical that speeds up a reaction
• names end in -ase

• tube connecting the throat to the stomach
• eso = inward
• phag/o = swallow

substances produced when fats are digested

• solid wastes
• stool

small sac under the liver; stores bile

simple sugar

starch; glucose is stored int the form of glycogen in liver cells

substance produced by the stomach; necessary for digestion

third part of the small intestine

any one of four front teeth in the dental arch

hormone produced by the endocrine cells of the pancreas.  transports sugar from the blood into cells and stimulates glycogen formation by the liver

second part of the small intestine

pancreatic enzyme necessary for digestion of fats

• large organ located in the RUQ of the abdomen.
• secretes bile; stores sugar, iron and vitamins; produces blood proteins; destroys worn-out red blood cells; filters out toxins

• ring of muscle between the esophagus and the stomach.  
• also called cardiac sphincter

chewing

• sixth, seventh, and eighth teeth from the middle on either side of the dental arch
• premolar teeth are the fourth and fifth

roof of the mouth

organ under the stomach; produces insulin and enzymes

small elevations on the tongue

• salivary gland within the cheek, just anterior to the ear
• par = near
• ot = ear

rhythmic contractions of the tubular organs.

throat, common passageway for food from the mouth and for air from the nose

large vein bringing blood to the liver from the intestines

enzyme that digests protein

soft tissue within a tooth, containing nerves and blood vessels

ring of muscle at the end of the stomach, near the duodenum

distal region of the stomach, opening to the duodenum

last section of the large intestine, connecting the end of the colon and the anus

ridges on the hard palate and the wall of the stomach

digestive juice produced by salivary glands. saliva contains the enzyme amylase

parotid, sublingual, and submandibular

fourth and last, s-shaped segment of the colon, just before the rectum

circular ring of muscle that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening

• muscular organ that receives food from the esophagus.
• parts are the fundus, body and antrum

• anus
• r

• appendix
• r

• appendix
• r

• cheek
• r

• cecum
• r

• belly, abdomen
• r

• lip
• r

• gallbladder
• r

• common bile duct
• r

• colon
• r

• colon
• r

• tooth
• r
• combining vowel - i

• duodenum
• r

• intestine
• r

• esophagus
• r

• face
• r

• stomach
• r

• gums
• r

• tongue
• r

• liver
• r

• ileum
• r

• jejunum
• r

• lip
• r

• abdomen
• r

• tongue
• r

• lower jaw; mandible
• r

• tooth
• r

• mouth
• r

• palate
• r

• pancreas
• r

• peritoneum
• r

• throat; pharynx
• r

• rectum and anus
• r

• pyloric sphincter
• r

• rectum
• r

• salivary gland
• r

• sigmoid colon
• r

• mouth
• r

• uvula
• r

• starch; carbohydrate
• r

• bile; gall
• r

• bilirubin (bile pigment)
• r

• bile; gall
• r

• hydrochloric acid
• r

• sugar; glucose
• r

• sugar
• r

• glycogen
• r

• fat
• r

• stone
• r

• protein
• r

• pus
• r

• saliva, salivary
• r

• fat
• r

• enzyme
• s

• defecation, elimination of wastes
• s

• abnormal condition
• s

• meal
• s

lack of appetite

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

gurgling produced by gas and/or fluid in the GI tract

difficulty in passing stool

burp

jaundice

feces containing digested blood

fat in the feces, frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter

inflammation of the mouth with small painful ulcers

cavity; tooth decay

white plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

failure of the lower esophageal sphincter to relax

swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

• GERD
• solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

open sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

• abnormal, tube-like passageway near the anus
• usually results from a fissure or from an abscess

polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

polyp attached to the membrane by a stalk

polyp sitting directly on the mucus membrane

chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon

when fecal matter becomes trapped in diverticula, inflammation can occur

painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

loss of perstalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

telescoping of intestines

• IBS
• group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation), but without abnormalities in the intestines

twisting of the intestine on itself

gallstones in the gallbladder

pain from blocked bile ducts