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what are the phases of diagnostic testing
- Pre-Test: Assessment and Evaluation
- Intra-Test: Obtain Specimen (Assist/Support)
- Post-Test: Compare, Report & Follow up
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if blood is present hemoccult what color is
blue = blood
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normal urine specific gravity
1.010-1.025
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normal urinary pH
slightly above 7
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normal urinary glucose
- negligable
- used to Dx but not to treat DM
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normal urine Ketones
- not present
- if present:
- poorly controlled DM
- Alcoholism
- Starvation
- high protein diet
-
Specific Gravity in urine High
Fluid Deficit
-
Specific Gravity in urine LOW
fluid excess
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Normal Urinary Protein
- Not Present
-
- Present = Glomerular Membrane Damage
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normal urine osmolarity (amount of particles to water)
500-800mOsm/L
- high = fluid deficit
- low = fluid excess
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-
-
normal Sodium
135-145 mEq/L
-
normal Potassium
3.5-5.0mEq/L
-
normal Calcium
4.5-5.5mEq/L
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norma Chloride
95-100mEq/L
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normal Magnesium
1.5-2.5mEq/L
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what is Nurses role in lumbar puncture?
pre and intra
- explain, empty bladder/bowel
- position and drape
- open puncture kit
- support neck/knees, reassure pt, observe pt color, resp, pulse
- label and send to lab
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nurses role post lumbar puncture
- place sterile dressing
- assist to dorsal recumbent position 1 pillow (must remain 1-12 hrs)
- give meds if needed and ordered
- offer liquids freq to restore CSF
- Monitor Pt (swelling, bleeding, numbness tingling)
- document procedure
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blood type compatibility
- A -- A, O
- B -- B,O
- O -- O
- AB -- A,B,O,AB
- + -- + or -
- - only -
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nursing role in liver biopsy
Pre-Test
- give preprocedural meds as ordered
- Explain, Pt fast 2 hrs prior
- give sedative 30mins prior
- supine position w/ RUQ exposed
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Nursing Role Liver Biopsy
Intra-test
- monitor and support
- instruct to take few breaths and hold after exhale
- needle in and breath when removed
- apply pressure & small dressing
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nursing role liver biopsy Post-Test
- position client o right side w/small pillow or folded towel
- monitor and assess VS every 15 mins for 1st hr and then every hr for 24
- check for abdominal pain
- check for bleeding
- document and transport
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what labs would be ordered to check renal function
BUN and Creatinine
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what lab values reflect patient's hydration?
Hgb & Hct
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blood transfusion reactions
- sepsis
- circulatory overload
- Allergic-severe
- Allergic-mild
- Febrile
- Hemolytic
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what to do in the case of hemolytic reaction?
- Stop
- remove tubing (must send to lab with blood and urine sample)
- KVO NS
- Notify Physician
- Monitor VS
- Monitor I&O
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S/S Hemolytic reaction
- chills
- H/A
- fever
- back ache
- dyspnea
- cyanosis
- CP
- tachycardia
- hypotension
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nursing action
Febrile reaction
- D/C blood
- Give antipyretics
- KVO w/NS
- Notify Physician
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S/S Febrile
- fever
- chills
- warm flushed skin
- H/A
- anxiety
- muscle pain
-
Nursing action Allergic - mild
- stop or slow (protocol)
- Notify Physician
- Adm Antihistamines as ordered
-
Nursing actions
Allergic -severe
- stop
- KVO w/NS
- Notify Physician
- Monitor VS-CPR if necessary
- Adm meds/O2 as needed
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Nursing actions
Circulatory Overload
- place client upright
- adm diuretics & O2
- Notify Physician
- Stop or Slow
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which 2 reactions is slow or stop transfusion
- Allergic -mild
- Circulatory Overload
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which reactions need nurse to KVO
- allergic -severe
- Febrile
- Hemolytic
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what BT reactions does nurse need to monitor VS
- Allergic -severe
- hemolytic
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when would you need to stop transfusion and send tubing to the lab
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nursing action Sepsis
- Stop
- Send remaining and tubing to lab
- obtain blood specimen
- Adm IV fluids, antibiotics
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S/S Sepsis
- high fever
- chills
- V&D
- hypotension
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what are blood outcomes
- admin 1 unit of blood or PRBC
- Hgb goes up 1gm
- Hct goes up 3%
- platelets go up 5,000-10,000
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what is Dx testing
- to monitor illness
- provide info pertaining to treatment
- confirm Dx
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Nursing interventions to Dx Testing
- proper collection
- explain pt role, purpose
- read report know normal
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ABG
- arterial stick
- radial, brachial, femoral artery
- Hold pressure 5-10min
- put in ice and transport
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capillary blood glucose
- obtain approp site
- record on flow sheet
- clean with alcohol let dry
- extremely high or low recheck or draw and send to lab
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after visual procedure what is nurse responsible for
make sure gag reflex is present before eating or drinking
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nursing actions for xray
- check to see if female is pregnant
- with barium increased fluids and give laxative
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laryngoscope an bronchoscope
sterile procedures
-
untrasound
no pain gel is cold tell patient
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nuclear test
involve nuclear isotopes
-
obtaining 24 hr urine
- have pt void at start time and throw away
- collect all urine
- at end time have pt void and keep
- label containers, keep in ice in bathroom
- post signs
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how do females clean before urine collection
- front to back
- outer to inner
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males clen prior to urine collection
circular motion out
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clean catch instructions
sterile container
-
mid stream catch
- sterile container with lid
- start urine in toilet then catch mid stream
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