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Bone is dynamic tissue that is always:
That is always remodeling
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What are the skeletal system major tissues
Bone and cartilage
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Perichondrium
- connective tissue layer surrounding each piece of cartilage
- Responsible for the growth and repair of cartilage
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What are the Functions of bone?
- Support
- Protection
- Mineral storage
- Site of blood cell formation
- Fat storage
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Mineral storage in the bone is mainly what?
Calcium and phosphorus
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Formation of blood cells is also known as
Hemopoiesis
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What are the types of bone in the human body?
Long bones and Flat bone
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Long bones
- Have bulbous ends (epiphysis)
- Have narrow cylinder shaft (diaphysis)
(Ex humerus, radius, femur, and tibia)
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Flat bones
- Irregularly shaped
- often flat but do not have to be
(Ex skull bones, scapula, ribs, and tarsals)
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Epipysis
- Long bone ends
- Red bone (Hemopoeisis)
- Spongy bone (Trabeculae)
- Epipyseal plate
- *Growth plate
- *Hyaline cartilage
- Articular surface
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Diapysis
- Compact bone (Osteon)
- Shaft
- Yellow bone marrow
- Storage place for fat
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Spongy bone
- forms tarbeculae
- found inside most flat bones and the ENDS OF LONG BONES
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Compact bone
- forms Haversian systems
- What the shaft of long bones are made out of
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Osteogenic cells
Osteoprogenitor
bone stem cells that transform into osteoblast found in embryo and periosteum
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Endosteum
- Connective tissue layer on the inner surface of bone
- source of cell for new growth and repair
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Periosteum
CT covering of bone
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Articular surface
is covered with hyaline cartilage
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Osteoblast
bone forming cells
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Osteocytes
bone maintaining cells
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Osteoclast
bone resorption cells
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Hydroxyapatite crystals
are the most abundant mineral salts
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What are the two types of bone formation
- Intramembranous
- Endochondral
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Intramembranous
- Osteoprogenitor cells in embryonic connective tissue transform into osteoblast and begin forming bone
- Most flat bones are develop by intramembranous bone formation.
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Endochonral ossification
A model of the bone that is 1st formed from hyaline cartilage then replaced by bone
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The epiphyseal plate
- Growth plate
- made for hyaline cartilage
- where longitudinal growth occures
- replaced by bone at skeletal maturity
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Role of bone in calcium homeostasis
- If blood calcium decreases
- Then Parathyroid hormone increases
- Result blood calcium increases
- If blood calcium increases
- then calcitonin increases
- result blood calcium decreases
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Parathyroid Hormone
- Increases activity of osteoclast
- increases absorption of calcium from intestines
- Increases retention of calcium in kidneys
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Calcitonin
- Decreases osteoclast
- Increases activity of osteoblast
- Decreases absorption of calcium
- Increases excretion of calcium from kidney
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The best way to deal with loss of bone mass is to:
Remain as active as possible
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What are the spine abnormal curvature
- Thoracic spines
- *Scoliosis
- *Kyphosis
- Lumbar spine
- *Lordosis
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What are the steps that happen after a break
- Hematomia
- Callus formation
- Osteoblast
- Remodeling
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