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Initiating, Integrating and Controlling Movements
Cerebrum -
Motor Cortex -
Premotor Cortex -
Sensory Cortex -
Basal Ganglia -
Thalamus -
Cerebellum -
Medulla Oblongata -
Pons -
Midbrain -
Pyramidal System -
Extrapyramidal System -
Muscle Spindles -
Golgi Tendon Organs
Bulbs of Krause -
Pacinian Corpuscles -
Ruffini End Organs -
Limbic System -
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Roles of the Muscle Spindle
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Roles of the Intrafusal Fibers
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Roles of the Gamma Motor Neurons
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Roles of the Annulosprial Endings
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Roles of the Sensory Afferent Neurons
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Three Functions of Muscle Spindles
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Motor Unit
- What is it?
- General Characteristics
1-5
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Roles of Extrafusal Muscle Fibers
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Roles of Alpha Motor Neurons
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Physiological Characteristics of a Motor Unit
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In relationship to the sarcoplasmic reticulum, what is meant by the term "triad?"
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What happens to the H zone and I band during muscle contraction?
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What is the basic functional unit of a muscle cell?
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Events of Muscle Contraction (1-1/1-1A)
Relate events of muscle contraction to the sliding filament theory.
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2 Roles of Calcium in Muscle Contraction
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3 Roles of ATP in Muscle Contraction
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How fast can muscle tissue twitch during sustained muscular contraction?
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3 Fundamental Principles of Exercise Physiology
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What factors are peak rate of muscle contraction dependent on?
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What factors is maximal force (tension) that a muscle can generate dependent on?
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What factors are continuation of muscle contraction dependent on?
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How do muscle fiber types relate to the 3 fundamental principles of exercise physiology?
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2 Methods to Determine Muscle Fiber Types
- myosin atpase
- sdh staining
- effects of varying pH on the stability of myosin ATPase
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Rate of Contraction for Muscle Fiber Types
(various physiological mechanism underlying the properties)
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Tension of Contraction for Muscle Fiber Types
(various physiological mechanism underlying the properties)
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Endurance Properties for Muscle Fiber Types
(various physiological mechanism underlying the properties)
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General Neuronal Characteristics of FT and ST Motor Units
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Contraction of ST and FT Motor Units
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Recruitment Characteristics of ST and FT Motor Units
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..............Which came first, the motor neuron or the fiber type?
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What do cross-innervation studies indicate?
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What theories are used to explain the results of cross-innervation studies?
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Distribution of Fiber Type
Men
Women
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Does the distribution of muscle fiber types vary between as well as within individuals? EXPLAIN
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Does the distribution of muscle fiber types relate to performance in various events? EXPLAIN
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Is successful performance in various events related to nature (genetics) and/or nurture (training)? EXPLAIN
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Determinants of Force Production
1-5, 1-5A, 1-5B
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Various Effects of Fatigue on Force Production
1-6
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Factors Influencing Speed of Movement
1-7
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How does training affect contractile-related factors?
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How does training affect muscle fiber type composition?
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Does strength training compliment endurance training and does endurance training compliment strength training?
1-8, 1-8A
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3 Primary Sources of Fatigue
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How does fatigue affect force production?
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Is the rate of fatigue related to muscle fiber type? EXPLAIN
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Primary Factors Influencing Speed of Movement
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Anaerobic Metabolic Pathways
Phosphagen or ATP-PC System
Anaerobic Glycolytic
Lactic Acid System
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Aerobic Metabolic Pathways
Aerobic Glycolytic System
Kreb's Cycle
Beta or Fat Oxidative System
Electron Transport System
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Key Substrates and Enzymes in Each Energy System or Cycle
be able to match the substrates and enzymes with the correct cycle or system
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Factors Which Stimulate or Inhibit the Key Enzymes in Glycolysis
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Factors Which Stimulate or Inhibit the Rate of Glycolytic Activity
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Which of the metabolic pathways are located in the sarcoplasm and mitochondria?
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Priming the Pump for Fat Usage
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If carbohydrates (i.e., pyruvate) are not available to prime the pump for fat usage, the excess breakdown of fatty acids may result in the formation of what negative by-product?
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Does this negative by-product affect force productio? How?
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4 Ways ATP Can Be Synthesized
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How many net ATP can be synthesized from anaerobic glycolysis (lactic acid system) in skeletal and cardiac muscle?
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How many net ATP can be synthesized from aerobic glycolysis (CHO oxidation) in skeletal and cardiac muscle?
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For every molecule of acetyl CoA that enters the Krebs Cycle, how many ATP can be synthesized?
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How many ATP can be synthesized in the electron transport system if NAD and FAD carry the pairs of H+ and their associated electrons from glycolysis to the electron transport system?
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How many ATP can be synthesized in the electron transport system if NAD and FAD carry the pairs of H+ and their associated electrons from Krebs Cycle to the electron transport system?
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How many ATP can be synthesized in the electron transport system if NAD and FAD carry the pairs of H+ and their associated electrons from Beta Oxidation to the electron transport system?
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How many acetyl CoA molecules can be formed from a triglycerid molecule (assume all the fatty acids are either 12, 14, 16, or 18 carbons in length)?
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Other than the acetyl CoA fatty acids, what are two other sources of fuel substrate and/or ATP from fat metabolism?
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For each gram of fat and CHO, approximately how many kcal can be yielded?
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Factors That Influence the Rate of Pyruvate
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Does training effect the factors influencing the fate of pyruvate? How?
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Factors That Affect the Power (kcal/min) and Capacity (kcal) of the Various Energy Systems
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General Metabolic Responses of the Energy Systems to Exercise
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During what time frame is the phosphagen (ATP-PC) system the primary source of energy production during sustained maximal effort activities?
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During what time frame is the glycolytic system the primary source of energy production during sustained maximal effort activities?
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During what time frame is the oxidative energy system the primary source of energy production during sustained maximal effort activities?
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Hormones that Influence the Mobilization of Fat From Adipose Tissue
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How Catecholamines Regulate Glycogenesis (breakdown of CHO) and Lipolysis (breakdown of fat) in Muscle Tissue
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Basic Principles of CHO Loading
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Does CHO loading enhance sprint and endurance performance? Why?
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