4) two of the haploid nuclei (polar nuclei) combined in a single cell (destined to become triploid endosperm after double fertilization)
5) mature female gametophyte contained within the ovule
mature male gametophyte formed of _____ haploid cells as a pollen grain
two
mature male gametophyte's haploid cells consist of:
1) tube cell
2) generative cell (will divide to form two sperm nuclei)
Fruit wall is called:
pericarp
spongy parenchyma
Which are palisade parenchyma/mesophyll?
red area
vascular bundles
What are tracheids?
box-like cells that are dead at functional maturity
cork cells
cork cells purpose
protect outer surface of the plant as the outermost layer of the bark
suberin
waterproof material in cell walls of cork cells
cork cells
an
underdeveloped and unelongated stem composed of a short axis with compressed
internodes, a meristematic apex, and primordial leaves and/or flowers
bud
a
bud at the tip of a stem responsible for terminal growth.
terminal
bud
the
part of the stem between nodes
internode
the
flattened, green, expanded portion of a leaf.
blade
or lamina
leaf-like
appendages (at the base of petiole of some leaves)
stipules
the
leaf stalk (connects blade to stem).
petiole
the
external part of a fruit. It is all that surrounds the seed.
pericarp
pericarp divided into...
exocarp, mesocarp and endocarp
the
outer covering. In an apple, for instance, it is what we know as the
"skin".
exocarp
the middle covering. In a peach what we ordinary call the "flesh".
mesocarp
the inner covering , in many cases the stiffened part normally covering the seed.
In a plum , for example, what we commonly know as the "stone".
endocarp
the part of the embryo which emerges first. Once outside it develops into a main root,
producing root hairs and secondary roots.
radicle
like a leaf in its early development.
plumule
the space between the radicle and the plumule.
It develops into a stem.
hypocotyl
the food
supply contained in the seed. This is sometimes included in the cotyledons,
which either achieve the function of primary leaves or food storage, even both
of them in some cases.
endosperm
important plants, such as cereals, palms, lilies,
tulips or orchids
monocotyledons or
monocots
members of this group are more numerous
and comprises most of the trees and flowers
dicotyledons or
dicots
testa
outer layer of the seed; seed coat
micropyle
a litle pore on the seed coat , through which,
apart from entering the sperm, the seed absorbs water to begin germination.
fruit formed from a single flower
fleshy fruit
single fleshy fruit without a stone, usually
containing a number of seeds
a single fleshy fruit with a hard stone which
contains the single seed
drupe
Cherry, apricot, plum, coconut, olive, peach, sloe are examples of...
drupe
a fleshy fruit, made up of many drupes but
formed from a single flower, each drupe containing one seed
Aggregation of Drupes
Raspberry, loganberry, blackberry are examples of...
Aggregation of Drupes
a fleshy fruit with a thin skin, not formed from
the ovary but from another part of the plant. These are sometimes called Accessory
Fruits. The seeds are contained in chambers in the centre of the fruit.
Pome
Apple, firethorn, hawthorn, medlar, pear, quince are examples of...
Name 5 types of fleshy fruits formed from a single flower.
Berry, Drupe, Aggregation of drupes, Pome, hesperidium
a false fruit, because it does not contain the
seeds. The seeds are achenes, on the outside of a fleshy fruit.
Pseudocarp
strawberry is an example of a...
pseudocarp
Mulberry, Fig and Pineapple are examples of...
FLESHY FRUITS
formed from a group of flowers
A dry dehiscent fruit which splits on one side only. It may contain one or
many seeds.
Follicle
Columbine, delphinium, larkspur, love in a mist, milkweed, peony are examples of...
follicle
a dry dehiscent pod that splits on two sides
Legume
sweet pea, pea family, acacia, alfalfa are examples of...
legume
a dry dehiscent fruit, a legume constricted
between the seeds
Lomentum
a dry dehiscent fruit. It is long and thin,
splits down the two long sides, and has a papery membrane (the septum) between
the two halves
Silique
wallflower is an example of..
Silique
golden chain tree is an example of...
Lomentum
most common fruit type. a dry fruit
which splits open to release the seeds.
capsule
cotton, eucalyptus, horse chestnut all have...
capsules
a dry dehiscent fruit in which the tips of the
seed capsule split
Valvate Capsule
a dry dehiscent fruit, opening with pores or
holes around the top
Porose
Capsule
a dry
dehiscent fruit, splitting along the locule (midrib of each ovary).
Loculicidal Capsule
a dry dehiscent fruit, opening by splitting
through the centre of the fruit, so that the top of the capsule lifts off like
a lid. An example of this type of fruit is Pimpernel (Anagallis)
Circumscissile
Capsule
a simple dry indehiscent fruit, like an achene,
but with the seedcoat fused with the fruit coat. Includes sweetcorn.
Caryopsis
an independent dry indehiscent fruit which has part of the fruit wall extended to form a wing. includes maple.
Samara
Is
covered in a sticky substance that the pollen grains will adhere to.
Stigma
The
style raises the stigma away from the Ovary to decrease the likelihood of
pollen contamination. It varies in length.
Style
This
protects the ovule and once fertilization has taken place it will become the
fruit.
Ovary
is
like the egg in animals and once fertilization has taken place will become the
seed.
Ovule
This
is the flower's attachment to the stalk and in some cases becomes part of the
fruit after fertilization e.g. strawberry.
Receptacle
Gives
support to the flower and elevates the flower for the insects.
Flower
stalk
This
is where a sugary solution called nectar is held to attract insects.
Nectary
This
is the stalk of the Anther.
Filament
contains pollen sacs on flower
Anther
The
stigma, style, ovary, and ovule are often known collectively as
carpel or female parts of the flower
cucumbers,
pumpkin, and melons have perfect/imperfect flowers?
imperfect
Name 3 examples of perfect flowers.
Roses, lilies and dandelions
a plant which developed three furrows or pores
in its pollen (triporate)
dicot
has pollen with a single furrow or pore through
the outer layer (monosulcate)
monocots
Vascular bundles are arranged within the stem of ______ to form a cylinder, appearing as a ring of spots when you cut across the
stem.
dicots
Vascular bundles appear scattered through the stem, with more of the bundles located toward the stem periphery than in the center.
monocots
In most dicots (and in most seed plants) the
root develops from the lower end of the embryo, from a region known as the...
radicle
Are pine trees monocots or dicots?
Pines
are conifers, and are neither monocots nor dicots. Only flowering plants
are considered to be members of these two classes. This question is similar to
asking whether a chicken is a monocot or a dicot; it is neither.
Do all dicots produce flowers?
Yes, sort of. All dicots and monocots are
flowering plants, and so are descended from flower-producing plants.