-
Name the two different types of parasites.
- Obligate: adapted to a single host or a group of very closely related hosts (e.g, human crab louse)
- Facultative: capable of completing it's life on a variety of host species that may not be closely related.
-
Difference between ectoparasites and endoparasites?
- ecto - feed externally on the host
- endo - feed internally on the host
-
Pediculosis?
An infestation of lice.
-
Name the two types of disease...
- Noninfectious - A detrimental change from what is considered normal - not involving a pathogen: mental abnormalities, genetic abnormalities, delusory parasitosis.
- Infectious - caused and spread by the invasion and establishment of an outside agent
-
Pathogen
The disease causing agent: usually virus, bacteria, microorganism.
-
Vector
The organism that transports the pathogen. (arthropods)
-
Reservoir
any animal system capable of maintaining a pathogen over time
-
The two types of disease transmission are...
- Mechanical - simple movement of pathogens through contact.
- Biological - involves development and/or propagation in the vector. Vector is necessary for the life cycle development of the pathogen.
-
Name some diseases that, if found anywhere in the world, must be reported to the WHO.
- Yellow fever
- plague
- cholera
-
Name some disease that, if found in washington, must be reported to the WHO.
- -Lyme disease
- -Malaria
- -Plague
- -Relapsing fever
- -West nile virus
- -Yellow fever
-
What is stridulation?
The rubbing together of body parts to produce noises (ex crickets)
-
Pulse
Chirp
Song
- Pulse - train of sounds
- Chirp - series of pulses
- Song - chirps in a pattern
-
Tympanum
Sound reception. (Ex, katydid leg or the abdomen of a moth)
-
How do cicadas produce sound?
A vibrating membrane.
-
How do mosquitoes hear?
Johnston's organ
-
Advantages of using chemical signals
- -Visual cues impossible or unreliable
- -Effective range flexibility
- -Relatively persistent
- -Highly specific or general in nature
-
Disadvantages of using chemical signals
- -May be slow in reaching the receiver.
- -Cannot be modulated once released (but can be modulated over time)
- -Can be copied to the benefit of other species
-
Types of signaling chemicals
- Hormones - used WITHIN the body to regulate bodily functions
- Semiochemicals - communication between individuals (intraspecific and interspecific)
-
Allomones?
Interspecific action. Benefits the sender.
-
Osmetaria?
Fork shaped protrusions from a caterpillar that lets them smear the enemy with some type of chemical (often an acid)
-
Kairomones
- -Interspecific action
- -Benefits the receiver (ex scents being released from a plant)
-
Name the 6 types of pheromones
- 1) alarm pheromones (ex aphids flee when one is attacked)
- 2) trail pheromones (ex ant trails)
- 3) aggregation pheromones (ex lady bug huddle, bark beetles)
- 4) sex pheromones (ex moth mating)
- 5) oviposition deterrent pheromones (ex fly that lays eggs in fruit)
- 6) aphrodisiac pheromones (ex hair pencils on a butterfly)
-
Ocelli
Eyes for sight perception and intensity.
|
|
