-
in what year was xrays created
1895
-
why is it important and the primary reason to set limits for the protection of the radiation worker and the general public
because of the known biological effects of exposure to ionizing radiation
-
describe stochastic and non stochastic effects
stochastic effects are syaing that all doses of radiation are possible of causing certain effects, theres a possibility cancer might arise, there is a probablilty that these effects can happen to the whole body and shorten lifespan = probablistic
non stochastic effects are effects that happen to a specific area (like radiaition therapy), it is the exact number of radiaition that this disease will happen it is deterministic
-
List the REM doses for the student RT worker and the general public
- 5 REM/year for RT worker
- .1 REM/year for student
- .1 REM/year for general public
-
which effect has threshold and does not have a threshold
then explain what that means
stochastic effects have a non threshold b/c every piece of radiation can cause something to the whole body, its a possibility
nonstochastic effects have a threshold because the effect has to occure once a certain limit of radiation is reached to break the threshold causing a disease or condition to occur like cataracts, skin erythema etc..
-
what is alara
as low as reasonably achievable
-
what is the dose limits for the whole body of a tech and the specific areas like the, skin knee, head, elbow?
- RT = 5 REM whole body
- lens of eyes = 15 REM
- skin, knee, head, elbow = 50 REM
-
how do you figure out the cumulative dose per year
age x 1 will give you the cumulative REM
-
what is the dose limits for the whole body of a student and the general public
- whole body for student = .1REM
- lens of eyes 1.5 REM
- skin,elbow, head 5 REM
-
what is the dose equivalent limit for fetal exposures per month according to the NCRP regulations
.05 REM
-
what is the dose equivalent to the embryo/fetus during the entire pregnancy according to the NRC regulations
.5 REM
-
when does personnel exposure occur
during fluoroscopy, mobile examinations, interventional procedures, cardiac catheterization
-
where should personnel be during most radiographic exposures
behind protective barriers
-
should radiographers hold patients who are unable to cooperate during an x-ray exposure
then should we use instead
-
what are the three principles of personnel exposure reduction
- time - reduced time spent in the vicinity of an operable radiation source
- distance - increase the distance between you and the source of radiation
- shielding - interpose material between you and the source of radiation
-
what are protective barriers
sturctural protective barriers are built into the design of the xray room to insure radiation protection to personnel and members of the general public
-
what two categories are protective barriers classified in
primary or secondary barriers
-
what are primary barriers
- they are barriers that are struck first by the primary beam
- the floor and the wall that the vertical bucky device is on
- 1/16'' of Pb/Eq (lead)
-
what are secondary barriers
what types of radiation are these walls struck by
all the other walls, ceiling, control booth, and overlaps the primary barrier by 1'' after 7ft and continue the full height of the wall
struck by scatter and leakage
-
what are the most common protective devices
lead aprons, thyroid shields, lead gloves
-
what should personnel wear during fluoros and mobile xrays
lead aprons
-
list all the factors in protecting the patient
- beam limitation
- technique (kvp and mas)
- grids
- gonadal shielding
- image receptors
- equipment
- patient exposure estimates
|
|
