Biology 30s

a scientific fact is an observation that has been confirmed repeatedly and accepted as true

a scientific theory is a theory that explains scientific observations

physical science is learning about moving things while biological science is learning about cells, human beings, living things, and non-living things

human physiology is the science of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of humans

• human physiology
• anatomy

• 1. highly organized and contain mainly complex chemical substances
• 2. either unicellular or multicellular
• 3. use energy
• 4. has a definite shape and unlimited size
• 5. has a limited lifespan
• 6. respond to changes in the environment
• 7. they grow
• 8. they reproduce
• 9. they evolve or change over time

• 1. attack healthy cells within living things
• 2. cannot reproduce on its own
• 3. non-cellular
• 4. do not contain cytoplasm or organelles
• 5. do not have an organized cell structure
• 6. no chromosomes

plants and other organisms that make their own food from inorganic substances through the process of photosynthesis

algae

organisms that cannot synthesizer their own food and must obtain it ready-made

• 1. water
• 2. nutrients
• 3. energy

• 1. cannot reproduce on its own
• 2. non-cellular
• 3. no cytoplasm or organelles
• 4. do not have an organized cell structure
• 5. no chromosomes

• vesicles
• vacuoles

• 1. observation and inference
• 2. analysing evidence
• 3. considering different points of view

an actual fact that can be learned using the senses

a logical, educated guess on the oberservation

gathered by evidence

inferred by how something behaves

awareness by the individual that their physical structures and functions are working harmoniously as a whole unit

the body's ability to maintain a constant internal environment despite a changing external environments

• 1. thermoregulation
• 2. waste management
• 3. osmoregulation
• 4. repairing tissues

the negative feedback

• 1. control centre
• 2. receptor
• 3. effector

cells

• 1. all organisms are made up of one or more cells and the product of those cells
• 2. all cells carry on life activities
• 3. new cells arise only from other living cells by the process of cell division

discovered substance that were made of boxlike structures that he called 'cells' while examining thin slices of cork and other plant tissues with a microscope

made single-lens microscope with amazing power. using these microscopes he found single-celled organisms and observed and described human blood cells

developed the theory that all plants were made of cells

proposed that all animals were made of cells

organized structures within a living cell that function as organs for cells

surrounds the cell and controls the movement materials into and out of the cell

transports materials in its canals

makes proteins

contains organelles often called cytosol

provides releases the energy in food molecules for use by the cell

the site of photosynthesis

sorts, stores, packages, and secretes proteins

involved in cell division

rigid structures outside the cell membrane tha provides strength

involved in cell movement

used for storing waste and support in plant cells

breaks down and digest wastes

make the parts for ribosomes

the brain centre of the cell that controls the metabolism and reproduction

encloses genetic material

• 1. chloroplasts
• 2. cell wall

centrioles

• 1. cell membrane
• 2. cilia and flagella
• 3. vacuole
• 4. nucleus
• 5. cell wall

only allows some substance to pass through but not all

cell membrane

• 1. allows substances to move in and out of the cell
• 2. protects the cell
• 3. provides structure for the cell

repels or fails to mix with water

tends to mix or dissolve in water

oil

sugar

transports substances across the cell membrane

because cells contain your genetic material which defines who you are

cell membranes need cholesterol to regulate the fluidity of the cell membrane

many organelles have membrane systems to keep substances in the organelle and to form vesicles to transport substances to the cell membrane

because like a mosaic that is made up of different parts, a cell membrane is made up of many phosphilipids

when molecules travel from a region of high concentration to low concentration without using cellular energy

when molecules travel from a region of high concentration to low concentration while using cellular energy

• 1. diffusion
• 2. osmosis
• 3. facilitated diffusion

• 1. ion pumps
• 2. vesicle mediated

they are both the movement of molecules

osmosis only involves water while diffusion involves molecules in any place

the change in the concentration of solutes in a solution as a function of distance through a solution

environment has the same concentration of solutes as inside the cell

environment has a higher concentration of solutes than inside the cell

environment has a lower concentration of solutes than inside the cell

the cell stays the same

the cell grows

the cell shrinks

facilitated diffusion uses protein carrier molecules to allow substances to diffuse through a cell membrane

vesicles form from within the cell carrying substances toward the cell membrane

vesicles form from the cell membrane and carry substances from outside the cell to the inside

a cellular transport process in which transported substances are moved in membrane-bound vesicles

ion pumps require energy

endocytosis