Human Anatomy

Anterior Surface of medial half of clavicle

Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves (C5, C6)

Adducts and medially rotates humerus. Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. Also flexes humerus

Anterior surface of sternum, superior 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of external oblique muscles

Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves (C7, C8, T1)

Adducts and medially rotates humerus. Draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly. Also extends humerus from flexed position

3rd-5th ribs near their costal cartilages

Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula

Medial Pectoral nerve (C8, T1)

Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall

External Surfaces of lateral parts of 1st-8th ribs

Anterior Surface of medial border of scapula

Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C8)

Protracts scapula and holds it against thoracic wall. Rotates scapula

Junction of 1st rib and its costal cartilage

Inferior surface of middle 3rd of clavicle

Nerve to Subclavius (C5, C6)

Anchors and depresses clavicle

Tip of coracoid process of scapula

Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5, C6, C7)

Supinates forearm and flexes elbow. Alone resists dislocation of shoulder.

Supinates forearm and flexes elbow. Alone resists dislocation of shoulder.

Aupraglenoid tubercle of scapula

Tuberosity of radius and fascia of forearm via bicipital aponeurosis

Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5, C6, C7)

Supinates forearm and flexes elbow.

Distal half of anterior surface of humerus

Coronoid process and ulnar tuberosity

Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5, C6) and Radial Nerve (C5, C7)

Flexes forearm in all positions

Tip of coracoid process of scapula

Middle 3rd of medial surface of humerus

Musculocutaneous Nerve (C5, C6, C7)

Helps flex and adduct arm; resists dislocation of shoulder

Infraglenoid Tubercle of scapula

Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

Radial Nerve (C5-T1)

Chief elbow extensor. Resists dislocation of humerus

Posterior surface of humerus, superior to radial groove

Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

Radial Nerve (C5-T1)

Chief elbow extensor

Posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove

Proximal end of olecranon of ulna and fascia of forearm

Radial Nerve (C5-T1)

Chief Elbow extensor

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Lateral surface of olecranon and superior part of posterior surface of ulna

Radial Nerve (C5-T1)

Assists in elbow extension, stabilizes elbow joint, may abduct ulna during pronation

Coraniod Process

Medial Epicondyle of humerus

Middle of convexity of lateral surface of radius

Median Nerve (C6-T1)

Pronates forearm and assists in elbow flexion

Medial Epicondyle of humerus

Base of 2nd epicondyle

Median Nerve (C6-T1)

Flexes wrist and radial deviation

Medial Epicondyle of humerus

Distal half of flexor retinaculum and apex of palmar aponeurosis

Median Nerve (C6-T1)

Wrist flexor and tenses palmar aponeurosis

Medial Epicondyle of humerus

Olecranon and posterior border (via aponeurosis)

Pisiform, Hook of Hamate, 5th metacarpal

Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)

Flexes wrist and ulnar deviation

Medial epicondyle and coranoid process

Superior half of anterior border

Shafts of medial phalanges of digits 2-4

Median Nerve (C6-T1)

Flexes phalanges of digits 2-4 at proximal interphalangeal joints. Also flexes proximal phalanges at metacarpophalangeal joints.

Anterior surface of radius and adjacent interosseous membrane

Base of distal phalanx of thumb

Base of distal phalanx of thumb

Flexes phalanges of 1st digit

Proximal 3 quarters of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane

Proximal 3 quarters of medial and anterior surfaces of ulna and interosseous membrane

Bases of distal phalanges of 4th and 5th digits

Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)

Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)

Flexes distal phalangesof 4th and 5th digits at distal interphalangeal joints

Bases of distal phalanges of 2nd and 3rd digits

Flexes distal phalangesof 2nd and 3rd digits at distal interphalangeal joints

Distal quarter of anterior surface of ulna

Distal quarter of anterior surface of radius

Ulnar Nerve (C8, T1)

Pronates forearm. Deep fibers bind radius and ulna together

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Recurrent Branch of Median Nerve (C8, T1)

Flexes the thumb at the MCP joint

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Recurrent Branch of Median Nerve (C8, T1)

Abducts thumb; Helps oppose it

Flexor retinaculum and tubercles of scaphoid and trapezium

Lateral side of 1st metacarpal

Recurrent Branch of Median Nerve (C8, T1)

To oppose thumb, it draws 1st metacarpal medially to center of palm and rotates it medially

Anterior surface of shaft of 3rd metacarpal

Bases of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals, capitate, and adjacent carpals

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Deep Branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

Adducts thumb toward lateral border of palm

Pisiform

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Deep Branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

Abducts 5th digit; assists in flexion of its proximal phalanx

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Deep Branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

Flexes Proximal phalanx of 5th digit

Hook of hamate and flexor retinaculum

Medial border of 5th metacarpal

Deep Branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

Draws 5th metacarpal anterior and rotates it, bringing 5th digit into opposition with thumb

Lateral two tendons of flexor digitorum profundus (as unipennate muscles)

Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd - 5th digits

Median Nerve (C6-T1)

Flex metacarpophalangeal joint; extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd - 5th digits

Medial three tnedons of flexor digitorum profundus (as bipennate muscles)

Lateral sides of extensor expansions of 2nd - 5th digits

Deep Branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

Flex metacarpophalangeal joint; extend interphalangeal joints of 2nd - 5th digits

Palmar surfaces of 2nd, 4th, and 5th metacarpals (as unipennate muscles)

Bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2nd, 4th, and 5th digits

Deep Branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

Adduct 2nd, 4th and 5th digits toward axial line. Assist lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints; extensor expansions of 2nd-4th digits

Adjacent sides o9f two metacarpals (as bipennate muscles)

Bases of proximal phalanges; extensor expansions of 2nd-4th digits

Deep Branch of ulnar nerve (C8, T1)

Abduct 2nd-4th digits; act with lumbricals in flexing metacarpophalangeal joints and extending interphalangeal joints

Lateral suprauepicondylar ridge of humerus

Dorsal aspect of base of 2nd metacarpal

Radial Nerve (C5-T1)

Extend wrist and radial deviation; active during fist clenching

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Dorsal aspect of base of 3rd metacarpal

Deep Branch of Radial Nerve (C7, C8)

Extend wrist and radial deviation

Proximal two thrids of supraepicondylar ridge of humerus

Lateral surface of distal end of radius proximal to styloid process

Radial Nerve (C5-T1)

Relatively weak flexion of forearm; maximal when forearm is in mid-pronated position

Lateral epicondyle of humerus; radial collateral and anular ligaments; supinator fossa; crest of ulna

Lareral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius

Deep Branch of Radial Nerve (C7, C8)

Supinates forearml rotates radius to turn palm anteriorly or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)

Lateral epicondyle of humerus; posterior border of ulna via a shared aponeurosis

Dorsal aspect of base of 5th metacarpal

Deep Branch of Radial Nerve (C7, C8)

Extends and wrist and ulnar deviates; also active during fist clenching

Posterior surface of proximal halves of ulna, radius, and interosseous membrane

Base of 1st metacarpal

Posterior Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8), continuation of Deep Branch of Radial Nerve

Abducts thumb and extends it at carpometacarpal joint

Posterior surface of middle thrid of ulna and interosseous membrane

Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb

Posterior Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8), continuation of Deep Branch of Radial Nerve

Extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint; extends metacarpophalangeal and carpometacarpal joints

Posterior surface of distal third of radius and interosseous membrane

Dorsal aspect of base of proximal phalanx of thumb

Posterior Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8), continuation of Deep Branch of Radial Nerve

Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint; extends carpometacarpal joint

Posterior Surface of distal third of ulna and interosseous membrane

Extensor expansion of 2nd digit

Posterior Interosseous Nerve (C7, C8), continuation of Deep Branch of Radial Nerve

Extends 2nd digit (enabling its independent extension); helps extend hand at wrist

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Extensor expansions of medial four digits

Deep Branch of Radial Nerve (C7, C8)

Extends medial four digits primarily at metacarpophalangeal joints, secondarily at interphalangeal joints

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Extensor expansion of 5th digit

Deep Branch of Radial Nerve (C7, C8)

Extends 5th digit primarily at metacarpophalangeal joint, secondarily at interphalangeal joint