Orgo Ch 4 extra

when two reactants add together to form a single product with no atoms left over

the opposite of addition reactions; occur when a single reactant splits into two products, often with formation of a small molecule and a double bond

when two reactants exchange parts to give two new products

when a single reactant undergoes a reorganization of bonds and atoms to yield an isomeric product

• radical
• one electron stays with each fragment

• polar 
• two electrons stay with one fragment

• radical 
• one elctron donated by each fragment

• polar 
• two electrons donated by one fragment

rad* + A:B--> Rad:A + *B

radicals are formed

a radical reacts to generate another radical

the radicals are depleted

sum of bonds broken minus sum of bonds formed

• with more highly substituted
• ex: methy;= 435
• primary radical= 410
• secondary= 397
• tertiary= 381
• etc

tertiary radicals

tertiary > secondary > primary > methyl

• very selective
• 97

• rate determining step 
• endothermic

• initiation: creates new free radicals
• propagation: combines a free radical and a reactant to form a product and another free radical

• requires
• releases

potential energy

• reaction coordinate
• or just rxn

• highest points in an energy diagram
• lowest points after the curve are the intermediates
• highest Ea is rate limiting

between the start point and the energy max

• between the two species, either reactant with intermediates or intermediate with product
• the total will be between reactant and prodcut

• decreases
• increases
• explosively
• at a moderate rate
• must be heated to reaect
• does not react

they don't collide with another molecule or atom, but they are very reactive

• energy maximas
• energy minimas