Chapter 6

breaks food apart by the action of the teeth, moistens and lubricates food with saliva;
food formed into a bolus

serve as organs of mastication

common passageway for both respiration and digestion;
muscular constrictions move the bolus into the esophagus

peristalsis within this move the food down the _______ into the stomach

reduces food to a digestible state, converts the food to a semi-liquid form

digestion and absorption take place;
nutrients are absorbed into tiny capillaries and lymph vessels in the walls and are transmitted to body cells by the circulatory system

removes water from the fecal material, stores, and then eliminates waste from the body via the rectum and anus

secrete saliva to moisten and lubricate food

changes glucose into glycogen and stores it until needed;
desaturates fats, assists in protein catabolism, manufactures bile, fibrinogen, prothrombin, heparin, and blood proteins, stores vitamins, produces heat, and detoxifies substances

stores and concentrates bile

secretes pancreatic juice into the small intestine, contains cells that produce digestive enzymes, secretes insulin and glucogon

process whereby nutrient material is taken into the bloodstream or lymph

an enzyme that breaks down starch

literally "a throwing upward";
the building up of the body substance

lack of appetite

an accumulation of serious fluid in the peritoneal cavity

pert. to or conveying bile

orange-colored bile pigment produced by the seperation of hemoglobin into the parts that are excreted by the liver cells

a cond in which the tongue is covered by hair-like papillae;
may be caused by poor oral hygiene and/or overgrowth of fungi due to antibiotic therapy

the intestine, gut, or
entrail

pert to the cheek

a cond of episodic binge eating w/ or w/o self induced vomiting

literally "a throwing down";
a breaking of complex substances into more basic elements

pert to the abdomen

an abnormal cond of the lip as seen in riboflavin and other B-complex deficiencies

surgical excision of the gallbladder

inflammation of the gallbladder

surgical incision of the common bile duct

the milky fluid of intestinal digestion, composed of lymph and emulsified fats

chronic degenerative liver disease characterized by changes in the lobes

surgical excision of part of the colon

malignancy of the colon

pert to the colon

exam of the upper portion of the colon

the creation of a new opening into the colon

infrequent passage of unduly hard and dry feces

chronic autoimmune disease that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract but most commonly occurs in the ileum

evacuation of the bowel

the act or process of swallowing

pain in the tooth

frequent passage of unformed watery stools

the process by which food is changed in the mouth, stomach, and intestines by chemical, mechanical, and physical action so that it can be absorbed by the body

inflammation of the diverticula in the colon

pert to the duodenum;
the first part of the small intestion

an intestinal disease characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane

difficulty in digestion

difficulty in swallowing

pert to the intestine

inflammation of the intestine

a protein substance capable of causing chemical changes in other substances w/o being changed itself

pert to the region above the stomach

belching

pert to the esohagus

body waste expelled from the bowels

a fibrous, encapsulated connective tissue tumor

gas in the stomach or intestines

surgical excision of a part or the whole stomach

pert to the stomach

study of the stomach and the intestines

pert to the stomach and esophagus

occurs when the muscle between the esophagus and the stomach, the lower esophageal sphincter, is weak or relaxes inappropriately, allowing the stomach's contents to back up

to feed liquid or semi-liquid food via a tube

inflammation of the gums

surgical incision into the tongue

bad breath

vomiting of blood

a mass of dilated, tortuous veins in the anorectum;
may be internal or external

inflammation of the liver

a tumor of the liver

the abnormal protrusion of an organ or a part of an organ through the wall of the body cavity that normally contain it

surgical incision for the repair of a hernia

an IV infusion of a hypertonic solution to sustain life

excessive vomiting

pert to below the stomach

inflammation of the ileum

the creation of a new opening through the abdominal wall into the ileum

a d/o that interferes with the normal functions of the lg intestine

pert to the lip

surgical incision into the abdomen

to wash out a cavity

dent

gest

diverticul

duoden

enter

eme

gastr

eructat

fibr

gingiv

alimentat

lapar/o

lingu

absorpt

pancreat

amyl

append

appendic

celi

chol/e

choledoch/o

cirrh

colon/o

constipat

pilo/o

mid

cyst

halit

hemat

hemorrh

gloss/o

glyco/o

pept

hepat

herni/o

ili

ile/o

labi

laxat

masticat

mes

paralyt

bol

bil/i

bucc

cheil

cyst

col

pharyngl/e

prand/i

proct/o

pylor

rect/o

sial

aden

sigmoid/o

stomat

verm/i

volvul

-ive

-lysis

-us

-stalsis

-orexia

-pepsia

-phagia

-genesis

-cele

-form

-ion

-ase

-stomy

-sis

ana-

cata-

di-

dys-

post-

a substance that acts to loosen the bowels

pert to the tongue

the destruction of fat

the surgical  process of transferring the liver from a donor to a patient

the process of bad or inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract

chewing

black feces caused by the action of intestinal juices in blood

pert to the peritoneal fold encircling the small intestines and connecting the intestines to the abd wall

the feeling of needing to vomit

the surgical proess of transferring a pancrease from a donor to a patient

inflammation of the pancrease

a paralysis of the intestines that causes distention and symptoms of acute obstruction and prostration

part to gastric digestion

pert to the area around the tooth

inflammation and degeneration of the gums and surrounding bone, which frequently causes loss of the teeth

a wave-like contraction that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the alimentary canal

pert to the pharynx

a closed sac in the crease of the sacrococcygeal region caused by a developmental defect that permits epithelial tissue and hair to be trapped below the skin

pert to after a meal

one who specializes in the study of the anus and the rectum

an instrument used to view the anus and rectum

pert to the gatekeeper;
the opening between the stomach and the duodenum

a herna of part of the rectum into the vagina

inflammation of salivary glands

an instrument used to view the sigmoid

enlargement of the spleen

inflammation of the mouth

pert to below the tongue

a disease that causes inflammation and ulcers in the lining of the lg intestine;
also called colitis or proctitis

shaped like a worm

a twisting of the bowel on itself that causes an obstruction

to eject stomach contents throught the mouth

the space between the cheeks and the teeth

thin fold of mucus membrane that connects the free portion of the tongue to the underlying epithelium

the tongue is divided in 3 portions:

the ___ and the ____ are located in the surface of the tongue

3 pair of salivary glands

sm. mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed

2 sets of teeth:

3 main portions of the teeth

___ of teeth are firmly implanted in _____ within  the alveoli which are lined with _____

a cavity found in the interior of the crown & the center of each root & contains dental pulp

loose connective tissue within each tooth that is richly supplied with vessels & nerves

a narrow tunnel at the root or base of the tooth

the opening that blood vessels & nerves enter the root canal

boney socket the root of each tooth sits on

collagen figers that extend from the dentin of the root to the bone of the alveolus

binds the teeth to boney sockets in the maxillary bone & mandible

covers the dentin of the root providing protection & firmly anchoring the periodontal ligament

solid portion of the tooth

covers the exposed part of the crown & is the hardest and most compact part of the tooth

shallow groove that surrounds the neck of each tooth

voicebox

3 parts of the sm. intestine

semiliquid food

about 5 ft long, extends from the ileocecal orifice at the sm. intestine to the anus

4 sections of the lg. intestine

a pouch-like structure forming at the beginning of the lg. intestine

makes up a lg. bulk of the lg. intestine

subdivided into the transverse ___, desending ___, and sigmoid ____.

salivary gland located on either side of the face slightly below the ear

salivary gland located in the floor of the mouth

salivary gland located below the tongue

3 types of liver metabolishm

liver metabolism that changes glucose to glycogen and stores for later use, also changes glycogen back to glucose

liver metabolism that serves as a storage place and desaturates fats before releasing them back into the blood

liver metabolism that acts as storage and assists in protien catabolism

these substances are manufactured in the liver:

bile:

fibrinogen & prothrombin:

heparin:

blood protiens:

produces digestive enzymes.  also secrets the hormones insulin and glucogen directly into the blood stream

the digestive tract in a child is formed by the ______ or ______

a childs digestive tract is divided into...

meconium or first stool

a person refuses to maintain a normal body weight; self starvation

surgical reduction of the opening into the fundus of the stomach and sutering of the previously removed end of the esophagus to the opening

the upper part of the stomach moves into the chest through a small opening in the diaphragm

this type of hernia occurs when a loop of intestine enters the inguinal canal

a tubular passage through the lower layers of the abd wall

a d/o that interfers with the normal functions of the lg. intestine

occurs when the lining of the esophogus, stomach, or duodenum is worn away

a procedure that involves putting a thin telescope into the mouth and moved down the stomach and intestines to directly see any ulcers

classified as nonsystemic and systemic drugs that neutralize hydrochloric acid in the stomach

protect the stomach's mucosal lining from acids but they do not inhibit the release of acid

inhibit both daytime and nocturnal basal gastric acid secretion and inhibit gastric acid stimulated by food, histamines, caffeine, insulin, and pentagastrin

3 main functions of the digestive system