Animals, Health and Society

• Circle Between:
• Food Animals, companion animals, humans, aquaculture, and vegetation, seed crops and fruit; with sewage, soil, wildlife, rivers and industrial and household antibacterial chemicals as connectors

Health is embedded in our relations with the world around us

• 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
• 2. Achieve universal primary education
• 3. Promote gender equality and empower women
• 4. Reduce child mortality
• 5. Improve maternal health
• 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
• 7. Ensure environmental sustainability
• 8. Global partnership for development

• Livestock and fish = livelihoods: food source, living banks
• Increased production: more food, more affordable, more sustainable

• Might be cash: income from animal use
• Might be animals: living banks; poultry as petty cash, pigs and goats as household expenses, cattle as saving account
• Longevity and productivity
• Domestic and wild

• Transport
• Tools
• Shelter
• Energy
• Water
• Fertilizer
• Goods and services (infrastructure)

• Schools cost money to attend: living banks help fund schooling, disposable income allows kids to go to school not work
• School performance affected by nutritional status

• Equity does not = equality
• Women often head households and in many countries are responsible for livestock care

• Secure food supplies to meet nutritional needs
• Safe food and animal interactions to reduce zoonoses
• Another role for the living bank, pay for unexpected health cost

• Nutrition: healthier mom, healthier baby so this is related to the previous goal
• Nursing children plus physical labour of tending to the family - large nutritional costs

• Zoonoses are a determinant f poverty
• Non-zoonotic animal disease reduce production and access to all the other animal associated benefits
• HIV/AIDS has reduce available farm labour
• Combined human and animal health services.

• Animals do degrade the envrionment
• Can also cause benefits

• Animals as determinants of health: the population health approach is based on partnerships; seeing animals as a public good rather than just private property shifts the vet. perspective to more collaboration
• Poverty reduction and decreasing health inequities requires multi-approaches and players

"Lack of health care is not the cause of the huge global burden of illness; water-borne diseases are not caused by lack of antibiotics but by dirty water, and by the political, social and economic forces that fail to make clean water available to all; heart disease is not caused by a lack of coronary care units but by the lives people lead, which are shaped by the environments in which they live; obesity is not caused by moral failure on the part of individuals but by the excess availability of high-fat and high-sugar foods. The main action on the determinants of health must therefore come from outside the health sector.

• Being a functional part of your "community" is important to health
• Connections to animals and nature are good for mental health

Refers to both formal and informal reciprocal links among people in all sorts of family, friendship, business and community networks

• Animals are food
• Animals are sources of income
• Animals are sources of fuel and power
• Animals provide social capital
• Animals provide ecological services
• Animals promote mental health and fitness

• Zoonotic hazards are best prevented at sources:
• 75% of emerging infectious diseases have been zoonotic
• Endemic zoonoses are determinants of poverty and poor health globally
• Primary prevention should target hazard reduction and exposures at their origin
• Fostering positive environmental determinants of health
• Animals are critical for human
• Sustained human well-being is absolutely dependent on functioning ecosystems

• Ultimate goals are to:
• Maximixe the social benefits of animals and the environment
• Sustainable food production, rural economy and poverty reducation, maintain trade and tourism
• Maintain environmental services like water security and biodiversity
• Minimize the negative impacts from human-animal-environmental interactions
• emerging zoonotic infections
• impacts of endemic zoonotic infections (including food safety)
• Detect and mitigate the effects of pollution
• Protect biodiversity and welfare while farming or extracting resources