-
Muscle: abductor digiti minimi
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: flexion of teh 5th MTP joint; abduction of the 5th MTP joint
- origin: lateral portion of the calcaneal tuberosity; proximal lateral portioin of the calcaneus
- insertion: lateral portion of the 5th proximal phalanx
- innervation: lateral plantar
- nerve root: S1, S2
-
Muscle: abductor hallcuis
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: ABD of the 1st MTP joint; assists in flexion of the 1st MTP joint; assists in forefoot ADD
- origin: medial calcaneal tuberosity; flexor retinaculum; plantar aponeurosis
- insertion: plantar surface of the medial base of the 1st toe's proximal phalanx
- innervation: medial plantar
- nerve root: L4, L5, S1
-
Muscle: adductor hallucis
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: ADD of teh 1st MTP joint; assists in flexion of teh 1st MTP joint
- origin: oblique head: bases of 2nd throught 4th metatarsals; tendon sheath of peroneus longus transverse head: plantar surface of 3, 4, 5th metatarsal heads
- insertion: lateral surface of teh base of the 1st toe's proximal phalanx
- innervation: lateral plantar
- nerve root: S1, S2
-
Muscle: Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: Flexion of the 5th MTP joint
- origin: Plantar surface of the cuboid; base of the 5th metatarsal
- insertion: plantar aspect of the base of the 5th proximal phalanx
- innervation: lateral plantar
- nerve root: S1, S2
-
Muscle: Flexor Digitorum Brevis
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: Flexion of teh 2nd through 5th PIP joint; assists in flexion of teh 2nd - 5th MTP joint
- origin: medial calcaneal tuberosity; plantar fascia
- insertion: via 4 tendons; each having 2 splits, into the medial and lateral sides of the proximal 2nd - 5th phalanges
- innervation: medial plantar
- nerve root: L4, L5, S1
-
Muscle: Flexor Hallucis Brevis
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: Flexion of 1st MTP joint
- origin: medial side of the cuboid's plantar surface; slip from the tibialis posterior tendon
- insertion: via 2 tendons into the medial and lateral sides of the proximal phalanx of the 1st toe
- innervation: medial plantar
- nerve root: L4, L5, S1
-
Muscle: interossei, dorsal
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: ABD of teh 3rd and 4th digits; assists in flexion of the MTP joints; assists in extension of the 3,4,5th IP joints
- origin: via 2 heads to the contiguous sides of teh metatarsals
- insertion: Baes of proximal phalanges and associated dorsal extensor mechanism of medial 2nd toe and the lateral 2,3,4th toes
- innervation: lateral plantar
- nerve root: S1, S2
-
Muscle: interossei, plantar
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: ADD of the 3,4,5th digits; assists in MTP joint flexion; assists in extension of the 3,4,5th IP joint
- origin: base and medial aspects of the 3,4,5th metatarsals
- insertion: medial portion of the bases of the 3,4,5th proximal phalanges
- innervation: lateral plantar
- nerve root: S1, S2
-
Muscle: lumbricals
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: flexion of the 2nd- 5th MTP joint; assists in extension of the 2-5th IP joints
- origin: tendons of the flexor digitorum longus
- insertion: posterior surfaces of teh 2-5th toes via the flexor digitorum longgus tendons
- innervation: 1st: medial plantar 2nd-5th lateral plantar
- nerve root: 1st: L4, L5, S1 2nd - 5th: S1, S2
-
Muscle: Quadratus Plantae
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: modifies the flexor digitorum longus' angle of pull; assists in flexion of the 2-5th MTP joints
- origin: Medial head: medial calcaneus; Lateral head: lateral calcaneus
- insertion: dorsal and plantar surfaces of the flexor digitorum longus
- innervation: lateral plantar
- nerve root: S1, S2
-
muscle: Flexor Digitorum Longus
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: Flexion of the 2nd - %th PIP and DIP joints; Flexion of 2nd-5th MTP joints; assists in ankle plantarflexion; assists in foot supination
- origin: posterior medial portion of the distal 2/3 of the tibia; from fasica arising from the tibials posterior
- insertion: plantar base of distal phalanges of the 2-5th toes
- innervation: tibial
- nerve root: L5, S1
-
muscle: Flexor Hallucis Longus
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: flexion of the 1st IP joint; assists in flexion of the 1st MTP joint; assists in foot supination, assists in ankle plantarflexion
- origin: posterior distal 2/3 of the fibula; associated interosseous membrane and muscle fascia
- insertion: plantar surface of the proximal phalanx of the 1st toe
- innervation: tibial
- nerve root: L4, L5, S1
-
muscle: Gastrocnemius
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: ankle plantarflexion; assists in knee flexion
- origin: medial head: posterior surface of the medial femoral condyle; adjacent portion of the femur and knee capsule// lateral head: posterior surface of the lateral femoral condyle; adjacent portion of the femur and the knee capsule
- insertion: to the calcaneus via the Achilles tendon
- innervation: tibial
- nerve root: S1,S2
-
muscle: Peroneus Brevis
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: pronation of the foot; assists in ankle plantarflexion
- origin: distal 2/3 of the lateral fibula
- insertion: styloid process at the base of the 5th metatarsal
- innervation: superficial peroneal
- nerve root: L4,L5, S1
-
muscle: Peroneus Longus
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: pronation of the foot; assists in ankle plantarflexion
- origin: lateral tibial condyle; fibular head; upper 2/3 of the lateral fibula
- insertion: lateral aspect of the base of the 1st metatarsal; lateral and dorsal aspect of the 1st cuneiform
- innervation: tibial
- nerve root: L4,L5,S1
-
muscle:plantaris
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: ankle plantarflexion; assists in knee flexion
- origin: distal portion of the supracondylar line of the lateral femoral condyle; adjacent portion of the femoral popliteal surface; oblique popliteal ligament
- insertion: to the calcaneus via the Achilles tendon
- innervation: tibial
- nerve root: L4,L5,S1
-
muscle: soleus
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: ankle plantarflexion
- origin: posterior fibular head; upper 1/3 of the fibula's posterior surface; soleal line located on the posterior tibial shaft; middle 1/3 of the medial tibial border
- insertion: to the calcaneus via the Achilles tendon
- innervation: tibial
- nerve root: S1,S2
-
muscle: tibialis posterior
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: supination of the foot; assists in ankle plantarflexion
- origin: length of the interosseous membrane;posterior, lateral tibia, upper 2/3 of the medial fibula
- insertion: navicular tuberosity; via fibrous slips to the sustentaculum tali; cuneiforms, cuboid, and bases of the 2,3,4 metatarsals
- innervation: tibial
- nerve root: L4,L5
-
muscle: Extensor Digitorum Brevis
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: Extension of the 1-4 MTP joints; assists in extension of the 2,3,4, PIP and DIP joints
- origin: distal portion of the superior and lateral portion of the calcaneus; lateral talocalcaneal ligament; lateral portion of the inferior extensor retinaculum
- insertion: to the dorsal surface of the base of the 1st phalanx; proximal phalanges of the 2,3,4 toes and the distal phalanges via an attachment to the extensor digitorum longus tendon
- innervation: deep peroneal
- nerve root: L5,S1
-
muscle: extensor digitorum longus
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: extension of the 2nd-5th MTP joints; assists in extending 2-5 PIP and DIP joint; assists in foot pronation; assists in ankle dorsiflexion
- origin: lateral tibial condyle; proximal 3/4 of anterior fibula; proximal portion of the interosseous membrane
- insertion: via 4 tendons to the distal phalanges of the 2-5 toes
- innervation: deep peroneal
- nerve root: L4,L5,S1
-
muscle: extensor hallucis longus
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: extension of the 1st MTP joint; extension of the 1st IP joint; assists in ankle dorsiflexion
- origin: middle 2/3 of the anterior surface of the fibula; adjacent portion of the interosseous membrane
- insertion: base of the distal phalanx of 1st toe
- innervation: deep peroneal
- nerve root: L4,L5,S1
-
muscle: peroneus tertius
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: pronation of the foot; dorsiflexion of the ankle
- origin: distal 1/3 of the anterior surface of the fibula; adjacent portion of the interosseous membrane
- insertion: dorsal portion of the base of the 5th metatarsal
- innervation: deep peroneal
- nerve root: L4,L5,S1
-
muscle: tibialis anterior
action:
origin:
insertion:
innervation:
nerve root:
- action: dorsiflexion of the ankle; supination of the foot
- origin: lateral tibial condyle; upper 1/2 of the tibia's lateral surface; adjacent portion of the interosseous membrane
- insertion: medial and plantar surface of the 1st cuneiform; medial and plantar surfaces of the 1st metatarsal
- innervation: deep peroneal
- nerve root: L4,L5, S1
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