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btknipe
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four stages of weed development
- seedling
- vegetative
- reproductive
- maturity
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weeds most easily controlled in this stage why
seedling because of thin leaf cuticle and fewer leaf hairs, roots near soil surface, kill before reproduction development
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annuals
complete all 4 stages in less than a year
control before they produce seed
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bienniels
complete cycle in 2 years
control at first year plants
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perennials
all 4 stages in first year then repeat for several years
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3 types of perrenials
- simple - don't spread unless cut into parts
- creeping - spread by stolons
- bulbous -
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stolons
horizontal stems running on soil surface
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rhizomes
underground horizontal stems
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perennial plants best controlled as
seedlings
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broadleaf that doesn't produce woody tissue
forb
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herbicides most effective when
weed is actively growing
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ideal soil moisture for herbicide
moderate
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most import factor affecting plant growth
- temperature
- growth increases 70 to80
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herbicides will not work if temps are
too low or too high for plant growth
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foliage applied herbicide - post emergent examples
- 2, 4 D
- Garlon
- Roundup
- Krenite
- Reward
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soil applied herbicide examples, pre - emergent
- Spike
- Karmex
- Surflan
- Hyvar
- Endurance
- Pendulum
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foliage or soil applied
- Tordon
- Arsenal
- Oust
- Velpar
- Escort
- Transline
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contact herbicides kill only foliage examples
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Selective herbicides examples grasses only
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selective herbicides ex broadleaf only
- Garlon
- Milestone
- 2 4 D
- Tordon
- Transline
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non selective herbicides
- Oust
- Spike
- Arsenal
- Roundup
- Hyvar
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persistent herbicides ex
- Hyvar
- Karmex
- Spike
- Oust
- Tordon
- Arsenal
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growth regulator herbicide ex
- 2 4 D
- Garlon
- Transline
- Tordol
- Vanquish
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non persistent amino acid inhibitor herbicide ex
Glyphosate
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persistent amino acid inhibitor herbicides ex
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photosynthesis inhibitor herbicides
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Cell membrane disruptors are non selective ex
- Speed Zone
- Echelon
- Reward
- Finale
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root inhibitor herbicide ex
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Bud inhibitor herbicide ex
Krenite
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girdling
cutting band around entire stem to stop flow of sugar
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frilling
series of overlapping, downward cuts around stem
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herbicide injection
spaced cuts made around the stem into which herbicide is applied
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total vegetation control without soil activity
cell membrane disruptors on annuals and non persistent amino acid inhibitors on perennials.
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total vegetation control with selective residual activity
foliage applied non selective with root inhibitor
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right of way herbicide application treatments include 3
- liquid broadcast applications
- liquid directed applications
- dry applications
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delivers uniform swath of herbicide spray to soil and vegetation across large area
liquid broadcast system
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the spray swath by a boom sprayer is confined to __________
area directly underneath the boom
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regular flat fan nozzles make this pattern
oval
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regular flat fan nozzles operate at this psi
10 - 40 psi
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flood nozzles deliver this pattern
- operate at this pressure
- wide angle fan spray pattern at 115 to 125 degrees
- - 25 psi
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whirl chamber nozzles produce this pattern
wide angle hollow cone spray at low pressures
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raindrop nozzles produce this pattern at what psi
hollow cone, 20 - 40 psi
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nozzle often used for railroad and roadside boomless spray
pattern
- off center nozzle
- flat fan spray
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boom buster nozzle
similar to off center but larger droplets
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straight stream nozzles produce this pattern
solid stream
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radiarc nozzles
straight stream nozzles aligned on single plane
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Directa spra
cluster of straight stream nozzles that rotate around a center point
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liquid directed applications
basal treatments, cut stump treatments, selective spray of vegetation, spot spraying
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directed applications are made using one of the following 3
- handheld spray guns
- backpack sprayers
- trigger pumps
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two types of herbicide formulation applied dry
pellets and granules
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ideal wind conditions for spraying
3- 5 mph
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mist lying close to the ground indicates a
temperature inversion
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water soluble herbicides dispersed as droplets in oil carries called
invert emulsions
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anti drift agents work by
increasing viscosity of spray thicker, limiting formation of small droplets
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use caution when applying to soils
- prone to erosion
- saturated soils
- clays
- steep slopes
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in Indiana if a spill threatens state waterways it must be reported to
Indiana department of environmental management
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indiana pesticide control laws administered by
OISC office of indiana state chemist
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certification and licensing requirements for category 6 applicators are stipulated under the
indiana pesticide use and application law
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businesses that apply restricted use herbicide or general use herbicide for hire to rights of way and related sites must employ a
certified licensed category 6 applicator
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certification term for category 6 is
5 years
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category 6 can re cert by
testing at end of term or accrue 15 CEU
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certified licensed category 6 applicators may supervise the use of restricted us herbicides or the for hire use of general use products by a non certified employee if,
- - the certified licensed supervisor is physically on site with the non certified applicator
- - the non certified applicator is a registered tech, supervisor does not have to be on site
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certified licensed applicator may not supervise more than
10
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PPE requirements for herbicides labeled for use on rights of way and related industrial sites are typically found under what of label
precautionary statements
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if no re entry statement on lablel
wait until sprays have dried and dust have settled before entering unless wearing label PPE
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category 6 certified and licensed applicators must maintain records of all application involving restricted us herbicides for at least
2 years form date of application
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recorded recordkeeping information shold include
- applicators name
- cert number
- location and type of treatment site
- weeds controlled
- date of treatment
- number of acres treated
- chemical brand name and formulation
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recordkeeping, final record must be made within
30 days of application
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do records need to be kept on special form
no
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records must be kept available up request of
OISC
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indiana allows applicators to transfer diluted or undiluted herbicides to service containers for the purpose of
transporting product from storage site to application site
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applicators must attach labeling to the service container that includes the following info 4
- brand name
- EPA registration number
- name of active ingredient
- percentage of active ingredient
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when transporting in service container, applicator must have in their possession
a copy of entire product label
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when to clean sprayer
as soon as practical between jobs
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abrasive formulations can wear nozzles are those that form
suspensions
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a worn nozzle will have a flow rate _________ than that of a new nozzle of same size and type
higher
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nozzles with flow rates in excess of ______ of that of a new nozzle should be replaced
10 percent
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the most accurate way to check flow rate during calibration
measuring each nozzles output with either a flow meter or a graduated collection container and timing device
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best way to protect nozzles
matching them with adequate strainers to prevent clogging
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if nozzle gets clogged
use a soft bristle to clean it never a metal object
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herbicide formulations that require constant agitation
emulsions, wettable powders, liquid or dry flowables
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