-
afterload
a measure of the vascular resistance that the left ventricle must overcome in order to eject blood during contraction
-
cardiac glycoside
drug obtained from plants of the genus digitalis
-
cardiac output (CO)
the amount of blood pumped per minute by the heart
-
chronic heart failure (CHF)
condition in which the heart is unable to pump sufficient blood to the tissues of the body
-
digitalization
method of dosage with cardiac glycosides that rapidly produces effective drug levels
-
ectopic beat
extra heartbeat, a type of cardiac arrhythmia
-
hypercalcemia
high serum calcium
-
hyperkalemia
high serum potassium
-
hypokalemia
low serum potassium
-
maintenance dose
daily dosage of cardiac glycoside that maintains effective drug levels in the blood
-
Na/K adenosine triphosphatase (Na/K ATPase)
enzyme that energizes the sodium/potassium pump and is inhibited by cardiac glycosides
-
preload
refers to venous return, the amount of blood returning to the heart that must be pumped
-
antiarrhythmic drug
drug used to restore normal cardiac rhythm
-
arrhythmia
disorder of cardiac conduction and electrical impulse formation
-
cinchonism
quinidine toxicity, which is characterized by ringing in the ears (tinnitus), dizziness, and headache
-
ectopic focus
area of the heart from which abnormal impulses originate
-
premature atrial contraction (PAC)
premature contraction of the atria, usually caused by an ectopic focus.
-
premature ventricular contraction (PVC)
premature contraction of the ventricles, usually caused by an ectopic focus
-
proarrhythmia
an arrhythmia caused by administration of an antiarrhythmic drug
-
supraventricular arrhythmia
arrhythmia that originates above the AV node in the atria
-
torsade de pointes
a type of proarrhythmia that causes ventricular tachycardia and fainting
-
ventricular fibrillation
the most serious arrhythmia; usually a terminal event where ventricular contractions are no longer able to effectively pump blood
-
angina pectoris
chest pain due to decreased blood flow (ischemia) to the heart
-
atherosclerosis
fatty degeneration of arteries due to accumulation of cholesterol plaques
-
coronary artery
artery that supplies blood flow to the heart
-
coronary artery disease (CAD)
condition due to atherosclerosis and insufficient blood flow to the heart
-
exertional angina
angina pectoris caused by increased physical exertion
-
ischemia
insufficient blood flow to a tissue
-
variant or Prinzmetal angina
angina pectoris caused by vasospasm of the coronary arteries
-
aldosterone
hormone released from adrenal cortex that causes the retention of sodium from the kidneys.
-
angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)
drug that inhibits the enzymatic conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
-
angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)
drug that blocks receptors for angiotensin II
-
angiotensin II
potent vasoconstrictor that also stimulates release of aldosterone and antidiuertic hormone
-
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
hormone from the posterior pituitary gland that causes retention of water from the kidneys
-
blood pressure (BP)
the pressure of the blood within the arteries; depends primarily on the cardiac output and the peripheral resistance
-
cardiac output (CO)
the amount of blood pumped per minute by the heart
-
essential hypertension
major form of hypertension for which the cause is unknown
-
heart rate (HR)
number of heartbeats per minute
-
hypertension
abnormally high blood pressure
-
malignant hypertension
hypertensive crisis associated with inflammation and vascular damage
-
peripheral resistance (PR)
resistance generated by the flow of blood through the arteries
-
renin
enzyme released by kidneys that converts angiotensinogen into angiotensin I
-
secondary hypertension
form of hypertension in which the cause is known
-
stroke volume (SV)
amount of blood pumped per heartbeat
|
|