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Traduction
- conversion of one form of energy into another
- in sensation, the transforming of stimulus energies such as sights, sounds, and smells, into neural impulses our brain can interpret
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Wavelength
- the distance from the peak of one light or sound wave to the peak of the next
- Electromagnetic wavelengths vary from the short blips of cosmic rays to the long pulses of radio transmission
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Hue
- the dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light
- what we know as the color names blue, green, and so forth
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Intensity
the amount of energy in a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness, as determined by the wave's amplitude
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Pupil
the adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters
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Iris
a ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of the eye around the pupil and controls the size of the pupil opening
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Lens
the transparent structure behind the pupil that changes shape to help focus images on the retina
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Retina
the light-sensitive inner surface of the eye, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information
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Accomodation
the process by which the eye's lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina
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Rods
- retinal receptors that detect BLACK, WHITE, and GRAY
- necessary for peripheral and twilight vision, when cones don't respond
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Cones
- retina receptor cells that are concentrated near the center of the retina that function in daylight or in well-lit conditions
- the cones detect fine detail and give rise to color sensations
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Optic Nerve
the nerve that carries neural impulses from the eye to the brain
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Blind Spot
the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there
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Fovea
the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster
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Feature Detectors
nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, such as shape, angle, or movement
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Parallel Processing
- the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously
- the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions
- contrasts with the step-by-step (serial) processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving
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